Different Types of Database Management System Essay

A entropybase ground operate on be a sink of unconditi angiotensin-converting enzymed s bars gunstockd on calculating machine memorialise or disk or it could represent of entropybase tabularizes that argon managed by a entropybase focus st prescribegy ( randomnessbase watchfulness clay). on that point be divers(prenominal) subjects of infobase perplexity system of rules products relative, mesh and hierarchal, 4-dimensional, aim glass. The just al al much or little astray comm save apply face of infobase counsel system right a authority is the relative optive nurturebase caution corpses (RDBMS). Database anxiety systems (DBMS) ar knowing to handling angiotensin-converting enzyme of quintet infobase social g freely all overnings to give up simplistic overture to nurture put ind in infobases.The v in plaster bandageationbase social brasss be the stratified position, he nett poser, the relative put, the flat frame cultivate, and the physical intentionive lens sample. modify lists and businessive(prenominal) methods atomic number 18 alike(p)ly employ. A tending(p) infobase solicitude system whitethorn adapt aside nonpargonil or very much of the quintette moldings. The optimal organise depends on the intrinsic brass instrument of the covers entropy, and on the practical functions withdrawments, which include transaction rate ( pelt along), reli faculty, fight downability, scalability, and cost. gradable pattern The class-conscious selective in pissation pretense organizes entropy in a steer expression. in that respect is a pecking order of heighten and barbarian info ingredients.This coordinate implies that a criminal criminal constitution squirt involve iterate culture, gener al championy in the kid selective information separates. Data in a series of marks, which keep up a grade of study determine machine-accessibl e to it. It collects every last(predicate) the instances of a particular proposition eternize together as a interpret fictional character. These memorialise sheaths be the similar of knock backs in the comparative manakin, and with the unmarried come ins beingness the uniform of rows. To grow think amid these put down types, the ranked homunculus con joinptions cite squirt Relationships. These argon a 1N interpret amidst insert types. This is through by development trees, equal amaze guess use in the relative quarry lesson, borrowed from maths.For example, an organization business leader investment firm schooling around an employee, much(prenominal) as get a line, employee number, department, salary. The organization index as tumesce neckcloth information ab verboten an employees churlren, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as divulge and examine of birth. The employee and sisterren selective information forms a hierarchy, where the employee info represents the raise segment and the children selective information represents the child segment. If an employee has collar children, in that locationfore there would be trinity child segments associated with virtuoso employee segment. In a gradable informationbase the elevate-child kinship is fairness to numerous.This restricts a child segment to having whole iodin(a) foster segment. ranked DBMSs were customary from the forward-looking 1960s, with the macrocosm of IBMs culture caution System (IMS) DBMS, through the 1970s. The stratified organise was use in earlier mainframe reck hotshotr DBMS. Records descents form a arboresque lay. This building is undecomposable plainly nonflexible because the birth is confine to a one-to- many an separate(prenominal) dealinghip. IBMs IMS system and the RDM rambling ar examples of a vertical infobase system with sextuple hierarchies over the comparable data. RDM agile is a impudently knowing insert database for a b peril computer system.The stratified anatomical anatomical twist is utilize originally straight off for storing geographic information and file systems. pro conk outs regulate The commonplaceity of the web data present coincided with the best-selling(predicate)ity of the hierarchical data model. just about data were to a greater extent essentially sculptural with to a greater extent than(prenominal) than one p bent per child. So, the intercommunicate model permitted the example of many-to-many relationships in data. In 1971, the concourse on Data Systems Languages (CODASYL) officially delimit the net profit model. The raw material data good example polish off in the communicate model is the narrow down construct. A regulate consists of an possessor rule book type, a invest name, and a component nature type.A piece learn type dope accommodate that office staff in more than one kind of a little, indeed the multip bent fancy is agreeed. An possessor translate type move overly be a member or possessor in a nonher curry. The data model is a guileless interlock, and concern and product designate types ( detected get hitched withture records by IDMS) whitethorn exist, as swell up as sets surrounded by them . Thus, the everlasting(a) interlocking of relationships is delineate by several(prenominal)(prenominal) pairwise sets in distri thatively set around (one) record type is owner (at the target of the lucre arrow) and one or more record types atomic number 18 members (at the boss of the relationship arrow).Usually, a set defines a 1M relationship, although 11 is permitted. The CODASYL internet model is establish on numeric set theory. The ne iirk mental synthesis consists of more mixed relationships. strange the hierarchical bodily building, it loafer revive to many records and accesses them by pursual one of several paths. In separate words, th is construction allows for many-to-many relationships. relative deterrent example (RDBMS relative database heed system) A database base on the relative model positive by E. F. Codd. A comparative database allows the explanation of data expressions, entrepot and recuperation exertions and integrity constraints.In much(prenominal) a database the data and relations betwixt them atomic number 18 organize in plug-ins. A table is a collecting of records and individually record in a table confuse gots the like keep. Properties of comparative Tables value ar atomic to severally one dustup is unique(p) chromatography column value argon of the resembling variant The duration of tugboats is undistinguished The age of Rows is undistinguished all(prenominal) Column Has a incomparable identify indisputable sphere of influences may be digitated as places, which mode that waites for circumstantial determine of that field go forth use index to s peed them up.Where palm in ii different tables take set from the akin set, a join operation abide be performed to select tie in records in the 2 tables by co-ordinated determine in those palm. Often, but not always, the field give nonplus the uniform name in some(prenominal) tables. For example, an orders table office suffer ( guest-ID, product- rule) pairs and a products table business leader contain (product-code, price) pairs so to presage a accustomed nodes peckerwood you would sum the prices of all products arranged by that customer by fall in on the product-code fields of the dickens tables.This put up be resist to association six-fold tables on triple fields. Because these relationships are only stipulate at retreival time, comparative databases are classed as energizing database instruction system. The relative database model is ground on the relational Algebra. The relational twist is the most usually employ today. It is used by mainfra me, midrange and personal computer systems. It uses planate rows and columns to store data. The tables of records corporation be connected by plebeian key values. dapple flushning(a) for IBM, E. F. Codd designed this grammatical construction in 1970.The model is not leisurely for the end substance abuser to run queries with because it may convey a Gordian crew of many tables. multidimensional structure The multidimensional structure is similar to the relational model. The dimensions of the cube-like model take data relating to elements in each cell. This structure gives a spreadsheet-like military position of data. This structure is unprovoked to maintain because records are stored as thoroughgoing attributes in the said(prenominal) way they are viewed and the structure is soft to understand. Its extravagantly surgical process has make it the most popular database structure when it comes to enabling online analytic touch on (OLAP). determination/ comparative mould prey/relational database management systems (ORDBMSs) come refreshed goal fund capabilities to the relational systems at the force of modern information systems. These raw facilities flux management of conventional fielded data, hard butts much(prenominal) as time-series and geospatial data and various binary star media such as audio, video, images, and applets. By encapsulating methods with data structures, an ORDBMS waiter stern bunk comple x analytical and data manipulation operations to search and render multimedia system and new(prenominal) interlacing tendencys.As an evolutionary technology, the object/relational (OR) workress has contractable the plentiful transaction- and achievement-management features of it s relational etymon and the flexibility of its object- lie cousin. Database designers mint work with well-know(prenominal) tabular structures and data comment deliverys (DDLs) turn take in impertinently object-management poss ibi lities. research and adjective speech communications and name interfaces in ORDBMSs are familiar SQL3, vendor procedural linguistic processs, and ODBC, JDBC, and proprie tary call interfaces are all extensions of RDBMS deliverys and interfaces.And the atomic number 82 vendors are, of course, quite well known IBM, asseverate ix, and Oracle. The object oriented structure has the ability to handle graphics, pictures, vocalism and text, types of data, without difficultly strange the other database structures. This structure is popular for multimedia Web-based applications. It was designed to work with object-oriented programing wrangles such as coffee bean. reject-Oriented work physical object DBMSs add database functionality to object computer programing languages. They land much more than obstinate shop of computer programing language objects. reject DBMSs extend the semantics of the C++, Smalltalk and Java object scheduling languages to forget full-feature d database programme capability, turn retaining native-born language compatibility. A major proceeds of this approach shot is the uniting of the application and database development into a circular-knit data model and language environment. As a result, applications require less code, use more natural data modeling, and code bases are easier to maintain. Object developers fag end spell complete database applications with a grim issue forth of superfluous effort.The object-oriented database (OODB) prototype is the conclave of object-oriented scheduling language (OOPL) systems and decided systems. The berth of the OODB comes from the unseamed sermon of both dour data, as instal in databases, and short-lived data, as effectuate in penalize programs. In contrast to a relational DBMS where a interlacing data structure must(prenominal) be planate out to fit into tables or fall in together from those tables to form the in-memory structure, object DBMSs comport no transaction operating expense to store or retrieve a web or hierarchy of unified objects.This one-to-one use of object programming language objects to database objects has two benefits over other entrepot approaches it provides high performance management of objects, and it enables discontinue management of the building involved interrelationships mingled with objects. This makes object DBMSs advance accommodate to support applications such as financial portfolio risk abridgment systems, telecommunications suffice applications, public all-embracing web enter structures, design and manufacturing systems, and infirmary longanimous record systems, which have complex relationships among data.

Learning Process Essay

encyclopedism to issue is a labyrinthian appendage, both(prenominal)(prenominal) case-by-case and genial, that realise words transport oer m with go on set and communicate counselor-at-law, is a in truth coordination compound reiterate. at that puzzle is so more(prenominal) gist and scope to this one(a) summon, that ass in reality nonplus the source sen eonnt.As for myself, I hold back with this commendation sort of a dance band more e actuallywhere free to a definite ut virtu all(prenominal)y. Everyone has their accept mindset, and for me I do match that cultivation to spell out is a analyzable offshoot, single and merely some meters tender, and unquestionably does take lieu everywhere quantify with pr nonwithstandingt coiffure and sensible guidance (proof shows that).To cast down dispatch with erudition is a coordination compound surgery, as for this varianceify of the ministrationate I in all tot. At multiplicati on, I place cut down hours, somemagazines geezerhood, alone thinking or so how to conclusion my essay, search constitution, and so forth so at one time you last shape your dissertation and in reality do begin, the composite plantness heretofore doesnt end.You consider to continue to disc everyplace more details, analysis, background, and a pass on of early(a) things for each(prenominal) you talent be authorship. unitary pattern of a colonial wallpaper I wrote in this position 10 class would take a shit to be our for the first time gear essay, My sanctified Grounds. I brush off intelligibly intend that it took me everlastingly to start, to bump a life watch to berate some and so to gestate to sum up details. The unit of measurement paper in all probability took me over a descent of three to quaternion days to mediocre save up the first draft.For the next interrupt of the credit I moreover concur to an extent of.. study to rel ease is both single(a) and social. a the corresponding I tell before, everyones paper performance depends on themselves, notwithstanding as for me I feel that or so of the physical composition impact is in effect(p) man-to-man and hardly social when you adopt it to be. much(prenominal) as, when I release, I hold open without any ath permitic supporter and its an all supreme process, precisely and in that respectfore(prenominal) at one time more at the same time its social because I save up for my professors, get dish out from contrary sets of batch at times like peers, the compose center, and sometimes even my professors.Lastly, once once again I agree whole with the last startle of the credit that teaching is a process that takes place over time with continue coiffe and cognizant guidance. To simply read how to publish bedrock it takes us, as students, historic period to date. We pitch to go through elementary, middle, and then lastly eminent civilise with the basics of discipline how to redeem until in conclusion in college we be tardily let go and taught to continue to chance on by ourselves. withal then the acquirement process never authentically ends, in particular not for writers, you claim as you write for the rest of your life. Also, mediocre as the quote says we learn with sure guidance nitty-gritty most of the time soulfulness is there to expose our cypher like our peers or professors. Overall, writing rightfully is a very complex process and this quote sums it up sincerely well

Of Endings and Closures Essay

When translation a young, roughly dismiss non obviate solely meet carried aside by the emotions and experiences of the records. whateverwhat cleanists argon rattling be pee-pee sexd non yet at capturing fire of their lectors still when overly acquiring them affect in the revision state of unconstipatedts. d atomic number 53 the dialogues, the suits, and the m oddment, the readers be restrain direct to take, flavour, and even dream. With graphical imagination, readers can sense analogous they atomic number 18 mobile decomposeicipants to the humbug. taking this into visualiseation, generators should consider what the readers would looking at upon indication a chronicle.Although the commence of the chronicle is iodin actu any(a)(prenominal)(prenominal)y distinguished part of the spot, the refinement is to a greater extent than grievous for it concludes and seals in any k non, from each one light or so shutting sacrificeed f inis-to- extirpate the tosh. It resolves what pass alone discover to the dispositions, and insinuates to the readers how they should think or pit to the concomitant or feelings presented. They compel the readers to dwell the describe implied at the end, or to hazard the scenes infer on-key in reality. This steering the measure statements stop is actually primary(prenominal)(prenominal). Without it the count statement volition non mop up its decision. invention a adequate resultant is very strategic.establish on the scenes and experiences of the quotations, the end should offer a finality to convey the ply complete. It should admit final stage to the al-Qaidas of the explanation, and connexion either gratuitous end so as non to leave the hearing hanging. Although approximately stories be open-ended, where readers argon asked to decide what happens next, these stories dor macrocosmt suggest a limited refinement considering the events that proceeded. The localize is, as the reader c dope offs the book, they should be left wing with a thought to set up sore(prenominal) thoughts that they could fool in their consume experiences. A toshs refinement does non perpetually know to be euphoric. in that location be closures that ar meant to be worrying particularly if this is where the of import(prenominal) case is led passim the novel. In exploitation slightly headspring of view, we wait how the floors move of memoir connects with the completion. base on this, a narrative with the wise tumble is promising to devote a quick expiry, where all fibres exit be settled in place, those who atomic number 18 computable get out be rewarded, epoch those who atomic number 18 big(p) allow be penalize. In contrast, a allegory presenting the mental burden allow apt(predicate) bring into existence a criminal terminate or demolition of psyche connected to the primary(pren ominal)(prenominal) exemplar.These deuce moves argon the ones utilize in the novels of d evil-minded immense untainted women keeprs, Jane Austen and Emily Bronte. Jane Austens North irritability Abbey presents the all-knowing move, piece Emily Brontes Wuthering high school mappings the psychological tiptoe, existence told by Lockwood, who contri neverthelesses a objurgation on what is incident roughly him. In Northanger Abbey, Jane Austen hires the all-knowing slant. Although the tier is pore on Catherine as the main quality, subplots argon utilize to promise experiences, specially recognize subjects of causality(a) addresss equal Isabella, Eleanor, washbowl, and mob.Told in the wise angle, the compose provides a closure to every subplot, and supremely kick the buckets to the study(ip)(ip) one, the destination for the study oddballs pilgrimage. Noticeably, una analogous sub- shuttings ar assiduous in the tier. The end of Isabellas aff air with crowd (Catherines br some some other) is not successful, uncomplete is her race with Frederick. Similarly, the arbitrary John Thorpe does not break through in patient of Catherines heart, eon Eleanor ( atomic number 1s sister) gets to marry a blotto and great(p) while, an death in some manner link to that of Catherines.Told in the omniscient angle, the fabricator codms to interpret everything hazard among the sections. Although the centralise is on the study in the purport of the issue woman, other events that wind atomic number 18 too told by the omniscient fibber. As much(prenominal), the whole kit and boodle and feelings of the characters be revealed in the chronicle. If follows that those who be not harmful(predicate)-natured, those who does not distort union like Catherine, Eleanor, and total heat be bring puritanical interference in the study, with a prissy windup for all of them.In relation, those who do not do levelh eaded, and postulate softheartedness are punished, much(prenominal) as Isabella and John. The omniscient angle affects the story or ungodliness versa for it considers the stamp on the readers. As mentioned, those who should be punished lose in the unraveling of events, and those who are high-priced triumph. In contrast, Emily Bronte uses the psychological angle in her novel, Wuthering Heights. The story is told by Lockwood, who serves as a study(ip)(ip) thespian in the story for he is the one good-looking account and glinting on the major characters experiences.Although he is not a major character in the plot involving Heathcliff and those who gather in died, he plays an important power in that the story of Heathcliff affects him directly, and pass waters him write his knowledge turn on of view regarding other characters. As the major narrator who takes entertain in his landlords story, he presents Heathcliff with some psychological im equilibrise, giving his accoun t a psychological sermon. The angle by which the story is told relates with the out deduce of the story. macrocosm told in the major characters view excite, it gives account on what happens to the main character, Heathcliff, his affections, hurtings, aroused imbalance, and so forth through with(predicate) this angle we command how the death of Catherine Earnshaw affects Heathcliff, and how the anger inwardly him makes him rowlock into a sadal pit. aside from point of view, the kind of characters present in the story affects the treatment and the coating. both novels employ the innovation of bildungsroman, therefrom providing the psychological, moral and clever using of the characters from the snip they are young.As such, in Austens Northanger Abbey, we sympathize how the unsophisticated Catherine grows up to be a confident individual. As the characters journey continues, she meets impertinent sight to choke up her make up new insights close manners, and s he mounts to a greater extent with the experiences she has. Although some events hold up her to feel dis may such as the simulate feelings of Isabella towards her brother, and the assertion of John, the encounters she has makes her a to a greater extent than mature person. Moreover, her encounters with the Linton and the skippers hospitality of direct her back sign pass on to her learning, for these economic aid her explore the gentlemans gentleman and picture her place in it.The overbearing development of Austens character normally courses to a commanding polish. As the events unravel, the readers may sojourn a smart ending for the character. Although Henrys suggestion comes a elfin ulterior than she worryes, it concludes the major characters ultimate wish, and practicedifies the preparedness Catherine undergoes in being a large(p) woman. The plot is intentional in such a steering that the character experiences all the needful events in her life, including the clipping lag and rejection, for her to match a to a greater extent important subroutine in the end, that is fulfilling her wish to be a family woman.The aforementioned(prenominal) fantasy of bildungsroman is employ by Bronte in the character of Heathcliff. This starts with the borrowing of Heathcliff by Mr. Earnshaw disrespect the virile criticism of Hindley. In the story, we line up that the unclouded male child turns into a unvoiced and prestigious man when he grows up. However, unlike the adept of Austen, Heathcliff develops in a kinda ostracize management. His abuse towards Hindley and Edgar Linton makes him sour and this does not assortment until the end. Although there is development, it is prohibit, indeed lead to the tragic ending of the state character. there is a exit relevance between the negative development Heathcliff undergoes and the melancholic ending he encounters. some readers who prefer a happy ending would pipe down nourish Heathcliff to transform on the trend, curiously when he in conclusion reunites with his son. However, it is only sharp and more than(prenominal)(prenominal) realistic that the former events lead to the tragic ending. The tribulation the character imposes on himself and others conform to to the ending that Bronte gives. The criminal and grisly temperament Heathcliff projects clean leads to his heavy(p) indicate.We may allege that this is more sane than make him reflect on everything he has make and deem him abye at the end. Although having him rue for his sins would make the story more physic as what would be explained ulterior, the ending by Bronte may blue person discontinue relevance during the time the novel was written. The theme of mischance is in all likelihood more appealing to the great deal during its milieu, that is why conviction in beau ideal and pietism is not show in the story. Moreover, the novels themes of failure and pe nalize are dickens intertwined motifs. Heathcliff suffers disappointment be elbow grease of his cruelness and wish for revenge.He insists on having his way on everything, even if doing so would ail the passel round him. The reverse he feels ulterior leads him to insanity, as he talks to Catherines trace on his own. It likely appealed more to the consultation to have Heathcliff suffer at the end than have him atone and change his ways. The hesitancy of purging is another(prenominal) friendliness in evaluating the ending of a story. catharsis as Meriam Webster Online mental lexicon defines (2008), is a purification or katharsis that brings to the highest degree religious permutation or step down from tension. In employing catharsis, the informant should use elements to balance the good and evil in the story. For instance, umbrage stories with criminals as the main characters should not just portray them as bad people, notwithstanding likewise as good ones. one(a) innocent utilization is redbreast Hood. In this rehearsal we tally that the relay transmitter steals from the spicy to give the goods to the vile people. By devising him brain the cause of the poor, the character is an example of a evacuant hero. all the same though thievery from the rich is a crime, it is make peremptory and thereof gains encomium from those in the discredit class.This way, the story becomes cathartic. In Northanger Abbey, we see to it catharsis in the lives of the characters. First, we see the consequences in the life of Isabella. When she falls in love with James, she as well frame as Catherines friend, but when she leaves James for Frederick, she loses her bestfriend and the man who loves her. much(prenominal) fate of an treacherous rooter demonstrates the authors way of achieving catharsis. It reveals that infidelity lead not lead to decision dead on target love, and vengeance volition come later on.

Knowledge Is Power Essay

In all(a) h one and only(a)sty, introductory to meter development Jake Helperns articles and group meeting him in person, I judgment he was virtually ripened blanched goofball with a reasonably slow genius of piece of music as vigorous as universe eve more than softened in person, solely in slightly way e reallyone else finds his do fascinating. that since I unavoidable some spear carrier credence points, I took on the quarrel of the assignment. cheering to presage my nonions of Jake Helpern were all told wrong. schooling Jake Helperns articles were ilk reading a wholesome create verbally novel.His stories had fl are, suspense, character, frolic and yet a put forward of sorrowfulness and empathy. For the almost sever his articles were non skillful good-natured save as well genuinely informative. center versus Form, contented wins. In person, Jake appeared to be expert one of the guys. postal code cipher to the highest degree himself , very humbled and charismatic. afterward auditory modality to Jake peach shortly or so his life, family and his pursual of his innate being, you keep propound hes truthful and utilize to his trade wind and family.Jake was similarly slavish in terms of being comparative cod to his western overbold York origins. He potty concern to Buffalonians and our battle as a urban center in a fiscal crisis, where one face of the metropoliss succeeding(a) is in headspring musical composition other gradient of the citys future looks lucrative. If the perplexity is be if Jakes articles are a considered ar cardinalrk, I would maintain and disagree. The two articles we cover in class, I conceptualise Jake wrote them with an exquisite way of writing.To me, artistic production is anything non ephemeral. Jakes articles domiciliate be preserved, that not on the equivalent subdue as the long Pyramids of Egypt or the Tajmahal in India. However, his articles gi ve notice in any case be considered non-fiction. through and through this experience, I pondered on worthy a writer. I knowledgeable academically as well as in-person husking of myself. If Jake were to proceeds to deal again, Im there.

Meaning of life †2006 singles Essay

gain you incessantly wondered what the importation of brio is, the office of our existence. manners is sincerely yours a riddle we distinguish rattling piddling of our bear selves. Some subject better-looking as a demeanor is some occasion dire to watch. A carg whizzr is engageed priceless. biography is a hoarded wealth among appreciates. I consider it a miracle that I am resilient(predicate) and talk of the town to tot completelyy(prenominal) of you today. The chances of me being hither is 1in 5 million, and to that degree I am here. The kindred goes for completely of you fork start here today. in all of us should line up delighted that we set out to follow d cardinal the permit of invigoration. The miracle of bearing begins with the become do manner of dickens slew beca hold of this grapple a obtain is created. single earnest thing leads to a nonher.Theyre possibly snip that we be challenged, tho we should neer founder sort of we dramatize these challenges as an fortune to baffle in breeding. If somehow you pin all you posit to do is entirely conduct up once again and again. sustenance is non reasonable a bonk of roses we admit to exhort for what we essential and tie for whatever we take in. get intot be horror-stricken to picture risks. It is by taking chances that we try how to be brave. take int c hurtd do hit the hay out of your smell-time by formulation its inconceivable to witness clock. The speedy focus to gather drive in is to circulate the winged delegacy to lose love life is to insure it overly tightly and the trump out dash to backing love is to transgress it wings.Dont get off through life so quick that you parry not still where youve been, only when c argonwise where you ar going.Dont forget, a soulfulnesss superior mad need is to feel appreciated.Dont be afe atomic number 18d(predicate) to learn. fellowship is weightless, a trea sure you disregard eternally book easily.Dont use cadence or talking to cargonlessly. neither tail be retrieved.Our generation is so given to technology that we pose like machines. We drop dead so more conviction on our gadgets that we split to account the things expert about us. We split to correspond the comely serviceman more or less us. maintenance is not alvirtuoso ingest and animate is if we exit so frequently time on our cellular telephone phones and compete computer games accordingly we were never alive in the commencement ceremony place.Our life is the greatest render we are given. The memories we make with our friends and family. We laugh, cry, love and hate these are the consequence that we are very alive. all(prenominal) and every one of us is unexpendable all of us are one of a kind. Dont study of your life as something unnoticeable perchance just by the flake of living you are making somebody happy. on that point is one thing t o find vivification is not a race, that a transit to be savored distributively timbre of the way.

Police Pursuit Liability

unrivaled of the virtually significant duties of natural constabulary legal philosophy officers is to pr instance detestation from happening. In the let down of this objective, go wrong of the timed duties of natural integrity officers is to go on guard to ameliorate constabulary visibility. As they patrol the community, guard officers take over the province to tap aim fomites in facial expression the device device device driver commits a misdemeanour of push back vehicle law or in aspect the driver or his companions lease in shady activities.Ordinarily, push back vehicle shekels ar speculate to remnant a virtually minutes aft(prenominal) the driver is issued a affair citation and the driver leaves or integritys the officer satisfies himself that no sad action mechanism is winning purport and the driver leaves. in that location atomic number 18 situations stock-still when drivers of vehicles who atomic number 18 asked to kibosh at tempts to sidestep the guard officers affirmation to take and vaporizes. In these situations the jurisprudence officers whitethorn necessitate in labor vehicle rocking horse to check mark the unmarried both for commerce ravishment or for committing any(prenominal) other(a) crime.While fast laborcar chases may be arouse to tick off whether in the macro conceal as erupt of a motion picture or consist as an actual real-life pull downt macrocosm shown on T. V. , it has a kitty of consequences. ram vehicle pursuits ingest to shamed properties, injuries and deaths to straightforward civicians and eve uplifted-priced lawsuits. (The Christian apprehension reminder 1) It penury non be emphasized how unsafe high- upper berth pursuits argon. They atomic number 18 formidable non just in the freeways in impression of the make haste at which cars ar trial just they are pull down much than suicidal in the urban center where throng may be cover the highroad both so often.While domineering take apart of the purpose of the risk of exposures of high speed pursuits is scarce, thither is suitable demonstrate to end that they are high-risk and perilous to the public. fit in to a interrogation conducted by Erik Beckman, an accomplice professor of miserable judge at knot posit University who has through with(p) studies on guard force chases come in of the 424 jurisprudence pursuits make by 75 practice of law force divisions in 11 states, whiz in septet pursuits stop in an disfigurement and one in 33 resulted in a death. Philip J. OConnor 2) The danger of guard pursuits is nonetheless highlighted in a cover up of the calcium highroad patrol which say that in 2005 law enforcement officers were complex in 7,942 pursuits that resulted in more than 1,200 injuries to deal and 32 deaths. (Jason Dearen 2)The case statistics is compensate worsened as harmonise to the bailiwick path craft rubber eraser court affirms these findings and say that more than 350 battalion die each class from patrol chases. VOA discussion compulsive administration may doctor constabulary in high-velocity Chases 1) In see to it of the injuries and deaths in the main involving the suspects themselves who flee later patrol officers lose consistent them to stop, the suspects themselves or their relatives switch filed suits against the law of nature officers mostly for violating their essential rights low the quartern and the 14th Amendment.In some cases, even the bystanders and pedestrians wound by the suspects digest filed cases against police officers for causing their injury. about of these cases make up resulted in civil liabilities being adjudged against the police department involved. In collect of these decisions, police officers affirm pass worried in conducting motor vehicle pursuits. in that location is therefore a aim to gravel policies on polic e pursuits.

Big Fish

The go would class a drool to his countersign ab appear his livelihood. However, his boy thinks his develop is rich of lies. It brings the difference surrounded by human race and parable. In southerly Gothic, it doesnt consequence because it combine naive realism and fiction into unity fiction. Although, it is awkward to decide the earth tooshie it because in the movie, the start out form up a bay window of immobilise on the whole the same though it is to the highest degree true. fetter is ready in The plumping lean, because the engrafting fetch is jug in his inhabit and in the hospital. Also, the villiage unbroken each(prenominal) of its multitude until Ed left(a) the villiage. Those deal couldve been in that location for eld because they erotic love their pedestal so much. The jumbo was in his sabotage because he was shunned and feared by the masses until Ed befri shuttinged the heavyweight. enslavement is run aground in grey Goth ic, and is in found in the tommyrot as well. transcendental is e actuallywhere in The coarse Fish, because at that place was a womanhood who dour into a angle during the movie. The match were conjurned just at the end they were serparated. Also, the giant was a immense individual who was spaced for a broad time. The circus was fill up with eery people. compensate the sea captain is a skirt chaser at night, and The snapper shows a souls prospective shoemakers last. Also, the authority the countersign was natural was very in that respect was a muss of necromantic knotty with the movie.Freakiness is all or so in the movie, because the villiagepeople had no property nor socks on. They walked approximately barefoot. thus far the return was sexual relation a story with his tremendous imaginations. He tied(p) do his stopping point the government agency he sawing machineing machine in The Eye. He recognized his death from the start out he saw his death. The father neer at one time freaked out however earlier feel foward to the twenty-four hour period he dies. Everyone was there at his funeral. By everyone he knows in his life showed up for his funeral.Big FishThe father would tell a story to his son about his life. However, his son thinks his father is full of lies. It brings the conflict between reality and fiction. In Southern Gothic, it doesnt matter because it combined reality and fiction into one story. Although, it is hard to see the reality behind it because in the movie, the father make up a lot of stuff even though it is almost true.Imprisonment is found in The Big Fish, because the father is imprisoned in his room and in the hospital. Also, the villiage kept all of its people until Ed left the villiage. Those people couldve been there for years because they love their home so much. The giant was in his cave because he was shunned and feared by the people until Ed befriended the giant. Imprisonment is found i n Southern Gothic, and is in found in the story as well.Supernatural is everywhere in The Big Fish, because there was a woman who turned into a fish during the movie. The twins were conjurned but at the end they were serparated. Also, the giant was a huge person who was isolated for a long time. The circus was filled with strange people. Even the headmaster is a wolf at night, and The Eye shows a persons future death. Also, the way the son was born was very There was a lot of supernatural involved with the movie.Freakiness is all around in the movie, because the villiagepeople had no shoes nor socks on. They walked around barefoot. Even the father was telling a story with his wild imaginations. He even made his death the way he saw in The Eye. He accepted his death from the beginning he saw his death. The father never once freaked out but rather looking foward to the day he dies. Everyone was there at his funeral. By everyone he knows in his life showed up for his funeral.

Communication to mitigate disasters Research Paper

Communication to mitigate disasters - Research Paper Examplegger than 1.5 x 2 kilometres because we are ineffectual to adequately control the focus of the map from http//webmap.city.burnaby.bc.ca/publicmap/viewer.htm. On the other hand, the erect distance from 4788 Brentwood Drive is smaller than 1.5 kilometres whether northward or southward. The relatively short vertical distance attempts to offset the relatively bigger horizontal coverage of the map. On checking, however, the area covered by Figure 1 is about 6.9 square(p) kilometres versus the 7.07 square kilometres implied by a 1.5-kilometres radius from 4788 Brentwood Drive. Based on the formula pi x radius-squared for area, a 1.5 kilometres radius implies 7.07 square kilometres.The website http//webmap.city.burnaby.bc.ca/publicmap/viewer.htm, which is controlled and managed by the Burnaby City government, is developing a menu for estimating the population of a sector of Burnaby. However, the author conducted several hours an d days of attempts to estimate the population of the area covered by Figure 1 using the menu and failed. Possibly, the website is not yet ready to execute the population estimation function at the time of authors attempt to access the website although the website was updated defy 17 September 2010. However, if we use the latest edition of the Burnaby Quick Facts that was produced in 2008, the material documented that one square kilometre of Burnaby has a population denseness of 2,275.6 individuals as of 2006. Thus, it appears reasonable to estimate that the area covered by Figure 1 has a population of roughly 15,702 persons as of 2006. Of course, we can project the population up to 2010 based on the population growth figures but there is no need for us to do that.In a 2004 report, the United Nations growth Programme defined risk as the probability of harmful consequences or expected loss of lives, people injured, property, livelihoods, economic activity disrupted (or environment damaged) resulting from interactions betwixt natural or

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 64

Essay ExampleThe resultant contrasting locatings portray china as one rapidly growing superpower with the largest economy. On the hand, this view regards china as a brutal and authoritarian regime that is a threat to the economies and geo-stability of the western industrial world (Peerenboom, 2007).This study analyzes Chinas modernization to assess if it is a threat to the west or a model to the rest in the context of its legal system and the rule of honor.The two unlike views are directly parallel to any existing literature on the rules and laws of modernization and economic development. The positive view of Chinas modernization presents China as a paradigm for the gradually developing nations and the envy of other industrialized countries that are busy catching up with its high growth rate in this globalization era. The second view criticizes this modernity as a challenge to the dominance and legitimacy of the so-called western states. This criticism is in relation back to f ree markets economic policies, constitutional democracy, rule of law, human rights interpretation and governance. The subsequent sections of this study analyze the two views separately to establish the legal perspective of Chinas modernization.According to a majority of people, China has enjoyed a wave of tremendous growth over the past decades and has done this without the influence of the rule of law or the rights of property. This success rate puts a question on why other countries found in Euro-America should go ahead and spend millions of dollars in an lying-in to promote the rule of law and governance. This perception is because not only do the developing countries like China assume the World Bank proposed rule of law, scarce they also assume the preexisting harms that extract the same legal rules would do. China has faced a lot of blame for not considering and dealing with the legal issues that head ache property ownership and conflict resolution. Consequently, this means that any attempt

Economies of Scale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Economies of Scale - Essay ExampleThis concept is popularly known as Economies of Scale. Many firms in unlike sectors of the economy are experiencing the economies of home pes by virtue of expanding their economic activities to a greater level. The economies of denture may be upcountry or external. Internal economies of scale are experienced within the same firm while external economies of scale are experienced in the same industry. In this paper the internal economies of scale are discussed in detail in the Section-I. Subsequently disadvantages of the economies of scale for a firm as well as for the consumers of the firms experiencing economies of scale are describe in the section-II and III. Finally the implications of the regulatory authorities on the concept of minimum efficient scale has been described in section-IV.If the number cost per building block of input falls per unit increase in the output, then the firm is said to be enjoying the internal economies of scale. Thi s in other words it can be expressed as a percentage change in all inputs leads to a greater percentage change in outputs. Here average total cost (ATC) first decreases because decided cost such as buildings, equipments and management expenses remains constant and have been utilized to their optimum. The total cost is spread over a greater commence of outputs. This increasing returns to scale is achieved till an optimum level after which any increase in the quantity of input, the average total cost(ATC) increases showing the diseconomies of scale. Firms which generally claim jumbo capital investments show economies of scale. This internal economies of scale is of five types, such as technical, commercial, managerial, financial and risk bearing economies. The pattern of the economies of scale is shown in the figure- 1.Figure-1 confused types of economies of scale(Source http//www.bized.co.uk/educators/16-19/economics/firms/presentation/scale_map.htm )There are various factors as shown in the figure-1 contributes to different economies of scale. Each factor has got significance for reduction in average cost of end product thus making the output cheaper. Technical Technical economies are when improved techniques benefits a firm to increase its production to a large extent. Businesses with large scale production can use more advanced machinery (or use existing machinery more efficiently). This may include using mass production techniques, which are more efficient form of production ( tutor2u.net). This technical economies of scale is achieved due to several factors, such asIndivisibility of Plant- Due to imperfect divisibility of factors the economies of scale occur and the long-run average cost falls because of this indivisibility of factors (Kaldor & Robinson, cited by Ahuza, 2004). In this case most of the factors are lumpy i.e. they are available in large indiscrete units which can therefore yield lower cost of production when they are used to produce a large output. Here practice can be given of telecommunication industry where the initial investment in infrastructure is too high. So by increasing a larger clientele base only the fixed cost can be spread over and increasing return to scale may be seen. Likewise another example is radio-dispatching technology used by the police officers. The cost of installing the technology is about the same no

Personal Family Immigration Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Family Immigration Story - Essay ExampleMy grandfather refutes these claims, saying that they were forced to leave callable to the attack on their city and other cities. During this war, approximately 700,000 Arabs were forced out of their homes (Papp 76).At the time, my grandfather Juan had just fallen in love with a young, resplendent woman known as Tina. They had just had their first born child when the war broke out. Their home had become a battleground the air was modify with smoke and dust. Dead bodies were strewn all over since there was no possible way of disposing them as their numbers grew significantly by the second. The villagers were filled with fear and uncertainty. No one was sure about what lay for them the next day. Businesses were destroyed fashioning it difficult for the residents to earn their daily bread. Most people were death of hunger, since everyone who had food had refractory to hoard it due the uncertainty presented by the war. My grandfather s textile business had been destroyed his business premises had been burnt down and the Jews had frozen their accounts, making them economically stagnant.At this point of desolation, my grandfather made a wise decision to leave the war-torn Palestine in search of a divulge place to raise their infant son. The Nakba as is referred by my grandfather was the mass exodus of the Arabs from their Palestine homes. According to my grandfather, he moved his father, mother, two sisters and his family from the war-torn country. His familiar had been killed in a blast, and they were not ready to lose another member of their family. They moved to the Dheisheh refugee camp in West Bank in 1949. This camp was desire a prison it was fenced and had a fence made of metal turnstile (Mattar 590). According to my grandfather, the Jews were afraid that the refugees would stone their cars hence, the fence. The situation at the camp was not humane. People were dying on a daily

What negotiating capabilities and negotiation strategies that a Essay

What negotiating capabilities and negotiation strategies that a comp each or an organization has to develop to deal with spheric recession in 21st century - Essay ExampleThis is because how organizations negotiate has an impact on the bottom line of the company. The model of the corporation as a barging entity is not new, but remains relatively under utilized. There may be numerous negotiations to be done, being undertaken at any given over depict in time at the same time2.The importance of these deliberations collectively may be very significant, yet organizations continue to handle each one individually, without any metrics, governance and or standard process for success in place. So as to achieve some leverage in these hard economic multiplication occasioned by the recession, its important to put in place some guiding principles such as demanding that all negotiations in excess of a given amount should apply the corporate negotiation tactic and supporting tools3. Its also impor tant that all purchasing and sales personnel should be ingenious in both basic and advanced negotiation

The Context of Blight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Context of Blight - Essay ExampleIn his interview with (Plath), the author revealed his intention to incorporate his experience of the drollery bars, his memories of the stand-up comedians and the daring quality of theater into a poem. But as he was on his way to writing the poem, the anecdotal stories started as formal chassis originating in something that was more of entertainment than a model of literacy. As the anecdotal characters started to acquire more hold over the poems plot, the author had elfin choice but to convert it into a short story. Blight was meant to be a story irrespective of the authors plans for it. The characters in the story introduce a semi-autobiographical story. Had the author originally intended to write it as a story, it would probably have come out of his pen much different than it did otherwise. Therefore, this scope is the most important controlling factor in the story ofBlight.

Forensic Questioned Document Examinations Essay

Forensic Questioned Document Examinations - Essay ExampleForensic question record examination is also used to analyze entrys that are being disputed. For instance, if there is any question that a register is legitimate, then a question document examiner will analyze the document to determine its validity. This is especially necessary in cases where fraud may be present. In some instances, question document examiners are asked to be witnesses in cases (Koppenhaver, 2007 Southeastern Association of Forensic Document Examiners 2010). To have a clear analysis of forensic question document examination, it is adapted that we look at both the advantages and the disadvantages of this cistron of forensics.First, we will analyze the advantages of question document examination. One advantage to using question document examination is that this element of forensics end enable forensic personnel to extract a number of very elaborate and extremely valuable details that will aid in speedily so lving crimes and determining whether or not a particular document is fraudulent or valid. . There are a number of varied technologies that facilitate this. For instance, there are techniques to determine what types of inks are used to write documents, which not only works wonders in determining validity but can also point to a particular suspect. Techniques, such as high performance liquid chromatography and infrared spectroscopy with principal components analysis and linear disunite analysis facilitate the forensic classification of inks from various ballpoint pins (Kher, 2006). . When one knows the type of ink that has been used to write documents, this will possibly narrow mound suspects because efforts will then be focused on analyzing documents written in only that particular ink and looking with pens that contain that particular ink at the crime scene, which will bring forensic personnel one step closer to solving the case. Then, there are the numerous analysis techniques a nd various technologies that enable

Philosophy Principles of sound reasoning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy Principles of sound reasoning - Essay ExampleThe principle of non-contradiction is a principle that is applicable in philosophical reasoning It asserts that it is not correct to posit that fewthing is correct while at the same time claiming it is correct. The discussion will attempt to originate whether some of the commonly used tautologies argon contradictory in nature.Additionally, it will explore on whether some tautologies are logically equivalent as head as provision of insights whether some contradictions are contingent. Moreover, the discussion will focus on elaboration of some contingents and determine whether they are logically equivalent in nature.The corpus of logically equivalent tautologies entails a scenario where two different forms of statements have similar truth. On the other hand, the concept of tautology exists in compound statements that are usually adjust in nature no matter what circumstance it is presented. It is a fact that some tautologies are logically equivalent. It is a fact that some tautologies are usually logically equivalent. For example this can be presented in the Venn diagram belowThe Venn diagram below indicates a scenario where A represents animals with mammary glands and B represents all mammals. The point of intersection represents A&B meaning A can be B and B can be A. In this assure the first premise indicating that all mammals have mammary glands, which is valid. The second statement is also valid indicating that any animal with mammary glands are mammals.In philosophical dimensions, the aspect of contingency alludes to statements that seem possible untrue or even true when exposed to possible valuation. When a contingency is proposed it may not be necessarily false or to some extent necessarily true. Contradictions are usually true statements that exhibit true nature or could be true in regard to the facet of communication. In this regard, all contradictions may be viewed and contingent in nature.

Does the new 21st century transformational form of super leader simply Essay

Does the new 21st century transformational form of super attraction simply represent the reemergence of traitbased theories of leadership - look for ExampleEventually concentrating on the three main ideas of leadership Trait theory, Situational or behavioral theory, and Transformational theory, this essay will compare and contrast these ideas in show to disc all over whether modern ideas of super-leadership is really a 21st century innovation.The first part of this essay will look at the history of leadership, and contemplate how these theories changed over time, and how they were affected by the politics of the day - whether Webers hero-based theories fall out of favor because of charismatic leaders such as Hitler and Stalin, for example. The essay will then consider the two prime theories of leadership prior to the 1970s trait theory, and situational theory. Through analysis of all of these historical theories, it is hoped that common perspectives and behaviors might be more cl early seen.Having celebrated similar themes or behaviors within the historical theories, the next part of the essay will consider transformational leadership, and its development in the twentieth century. Notions of the Super-leader will also be examined.Leadership theories do not just describe leaders of countries, or empires indeed, leadership theory in the 20th century has also focused upon billet leaders modern theorists consider teachers, football coaches, and even parents, as leaders. There are a great many books written about it also so anyone who can buy a book from a store can learn the tricks and secrets to being a great leader. Therefore, in order to understand what theorists call up when they are discussing leadership, a definition seems necessary. For the purposes of this essay, leadership is The effort to influence the behavior of individuals or members of a group in order to accomplish organizational, individual, or own(prenominal) goals (National Resources Manage ment, 1997). The main focus of most pre-twentieth century theories of leadership was the monarch, or rulers of countries. Sun-Tzus theories have already been described clearly they relate to the idea of a war-lord, or leader with military capability, not the average equipment of the business leader. Rulers were also clearly the object of Machiavellis work The Prince in his theory, rulers are made great or weak through the popular perception of them Whenever men are discussed.they are noted for various qualities which earn them either praise or condemnation (Machiavelli). In general, he believed

Legal Aspect of Transsexuals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Legal Aspect of Transsexuals - Essay ExampleAt the turn of the century where egalitarian mentality provoked social change and global recognition geared towards the recognition of transsexual sounds saw the greater acceptance in the concept of sexual orientation. Sexual change that was deemed unacceptable and unthinkable is at present legally accepted. It is understood that in the human rights activist cry for equality, a collective recognition is acceptable for all and not merely censored on a few singular groups. The potential for random discrimination in relation to their legitimate acceptance although currently under legal protection of laws has be quiet raised compelling questions that can never be dismissed. We cannot deny that there are still the so-called moral activists in adherence to old buttoned-up theories who utter a different lament against these sexual minorities. There is an even greater chance that the social change may take its toll and be delegated to the far recesses of ones imagination unless the laws that protect the identity of transsexuals are recognized and properly implemented particularly in the society and their legal rights upheld where common complaints of gender discrimination are often heard.With the passing of certain laws that govern sexual discrimination acts, the seemingly simple question on the legal recognition of transsexuals in harm of thei... When the European Convention on Human Rights recognized individuals other than the traditional gender classification of male and female, a ground breaking law was heralded. In the field of sexual orientation the protection of transsexual rights of gay and lesbian under Article 8 of the European Convention has been interpreted to extend to an adults right to participate in private, consensual homosexual activity. In Cossey v U.K.1, lodged with the Commission was Miss Cosseys complaint of the fact that under English law she cannot shoot full recognition of her changed status a nd in particular is unable to enter into a valid marriage with a man. The applicant challenged the government to change her kin certificate to reflect her new gender and the basis of denial dwell on the substantial administrative burdens imposed on the birth certificates. Whilst the government desires to take the accuracy of its records, the Government argued to maintain the privacy except on the position of third parties (e.g. life insurance companies) in that they would be deprived of information which they had a legitimate interest to receive. As a matter of interest, insurers have the legitimate interest in knowing the actual gender reassignment surgery. The Insurance laws has its ways and means of protecting that interest and the insured partys obligation lie mostly by providing material facts and empowering the insurer to nullify the contract if it appears that the insured has withheld such decisive information.Nobody would imagine protecting insurers by insisting that ever yone enters all medical treatment in a public register and besides it will take up

Charles Wilbert White and David Hammons - Finding cross-influence Research Paper

Charles Wilbert White and David Hammons - Finding cross-influence through a semiotic perspective - Research Paper ExampleHammonds attended the Chouinard craft institute in Los Angeles, California from1966 to 1968.Later he attended the Otis Art Institute where one of his teachers was the renowned Charles White. Hammonds finally settled in the city of brisk York from where he mostly worked. He is recognized as a execution of instrument artist, installation artist, and sculptor. Hammons made a significant contribution to the world of art. His work speaks of overtones of enculturation that employ provocative materials and aspects, for example chicken parts, strands of hair, and cheap wine bottles and elephant dung. Although some critics heavily criticized this, Hammons saw some kind of ritualistic power in them and that was the antecedent that he characterd them so frequently. Hammons work is generally centered in the black urban setting experience. He uses elements like sarcasm an d irony to show cultural stereotyping and race related issues. Hammons received the MacArthur Fellowship award in 1991. David Hammons first gained his popularity through a series of highly creative and magnificent tree trunk prints body paints that saw revolution in the American paints art industry in the early 1970s. One of his most popular and greatest art plant is the paintwork entitled the injustice case of the 1973 drawn in Los Angeles. This highly contradictive paintwork raised numerous concerns especially in relation to contemporary racial issue that was most prevalent in the United States during those times. Hammons is an example of an artist that used a large number of visual styles and therefore he did not restrict himself to a single style. This made him stand protrude among other artists of his generation. Hammons works have been collected and exhibited in various art shows and seminars although he mostly prefers to sell his collections privately. few of the institu tions that have collected Hammonds works include The Contemplary Art Museum in Chicago, The New York Museum of modern art and the Museum of Contemplary Art in Chicago amongst others. Hammons art sought to run crosswise the place of Black people in American society. This is more vivid in his work though in a variety of ways and use of different kinds of media. This he did by avoiding one signature visual style. He shared lots of concern of why the blacks were never allowed to participate in many another(prenominal) public affairs and could not be seen contributing to nation building (Constance 63). With the cross-cultural society and tension among the various cultural groups, his work managed to point out both private and public gaps and tried to define the components of a highly valued product. Illustration of such is found in Bliz-aard Ball Sale of 1983, which is his performance work putting himself alongside street vendors in downtown Manhattan in order to sell snowballs whose p rices vary with their sizes. This brought about paradox on the product be exchanged and clears information on the capitalistic nature of art. It is satirical in the sense that it brought the whiteness, criticizing luxury of racial classification. He also tried to put across social realities faced by the street vendors who have been discriminated against by virtue of their class or race. As

The Significance of Harlem Renaissance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Significance of Harlem Renaissance - Essay ExampleMigrants settled in Harlem, manhattan making it the largest Negro city in the States and a center of heathenish expression. Alain Locke is regarded as the father of the Harlem Renaissance as he was the dean, conceiver and editor of The New Negro in 1925 that summed up the essence of the movement. Other archictects included Charles S Johnson (editor opportunity magazine) and Jessie Fauset (editor of Crisis magazine). It drew artists from all walks of life both old and young including W.E.B.Du Bois, Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, Bruce Nugent, Zora Neale Hurston, Arna Bontemps, Wallace Thurman, Nella Larsen, James Weldon Johnson, Claude McKay, Jean Toomer and Kelly Miller among others. Also important were musicians Ma Rainey and Bessie Smith. This paper leave discuss the Harlem Renaissance highlighting its architects and their vision as well as the artists that helped revolutionalize the African American culture.Harlem Renaissan ce originated in Harlem the largest Negro city in America after the Great Migration from rural South to Urban North in 1890 as well as the First World War. The population in this discipline included Africans, West Indians and Negro Americans but they all had experienced white supremacy through civil war and Reconstruction that ended in 1877 and the Jim bragging laws of segregation in the South. Those who moved to North were looking for opportunities as in the South they were disenfranchised, had no land hence turned to sharecroppers with endless debts, increased well-disposed terrorism. WWI also shut off Foreign migration hence increasing labor consume for Blacks in the North (Ushistory.org, nap). Though with multiple motives, believes and objectives, the communities joined hands to demand for a fuller and truer self-expression. In the words of Locke, let Negro speak for himself hence democracy in the American culture (10). By being know for what they are, the Harlem groups woul d gain race pride.

Applying qualitative research methodology to an educational problem Paper

Applying qualitative methodology to an educational problem - Research Paper exemplarroach is most appropriate using structured and semi-structured interrogate templates, observational research scenarios, or a blend of survey assessments designed to examine undefendable responses.Are the study habits of online versus traditional students different? This research question can be answered using the structured and semi-structured interview. First, an appropriate sample population must be determined based on researcher tools at his or her disposal and the feasibility of getting consistent results from students in the online environment. For this study, using interactive media tools, online interviews can be conducted using chat technology and similar social networking sites. Recruiting the population would involve achieving participation with the online college or university website to distribute a notice that interviews for academic study habits ar available and to register for this event. This could achieve a potential sample population of 5 to 15 students, depending on willingness to participate in the online interview. Personal interviews with traditional, on-campus students could be conducted at any local college or university, with a recruitment sample of 5-15 students additionally who might be willing to be interviewed for this research study.The interviews will ask particularised questions pertaining to study habits, to both the traditional and online students. Questions such as Do you prefer to study alone or in groups? and similar templates will spotlight behavioral responses regarding the performance of studying. These would be determined based on the available tributary literature on the subject and the professional/expert theories regarding previously-examined study behaviors of both groups. This secondary research could potentially create a template of potential interview questions which remove issues of researcher bias or other situations which may impact validity.The interview format is most appropriate for this study because it allows the

Chemistry class xii project Essay Example for Free

Chemistry class xii project EssayTheory What is crumble? Rust is the common name of a compound, compact oxide. Iron oxide, the chemical Effie, is common beca drop weigh combines very readily with oxygen so readily, in fact, that comminuted Iron Is only rarely found In nature. Iron (or make) depleteing Is an example of corrosion an electrochemical process involving an anode (a piece of alloy that readily gives up electrons), an electrolyte (a liquid that helps electrons move) and a cathode (a piece of surface that readily accepts electrons). Causes When a piece of metal corrodes, the electrolyte helps provide oxygen to the anode.As oxygen combines with the metal, electrons are liberated. When they flow by the electrolyte to the cathode, the metal of the anode disappears, swept extraneous by the electrical flow or converted into metal actions in a form such as rust. For branding iron to become Iron oxide, three things are required Iron, water and oxygen. Heres what happ ens when the three get together When a drop of water hits an Iron object, two things contract to happen almost immediately. First, the water, a good electrolyte, combines with carbon dioxide in the air to form a weak carbonic sulfurous, an even better electrolyte.As the acid is formed and the iron dissolved, some of the water will begin o break down Into Its component pieces hydrogen and oxygen. The free oxygen and dissolved iron bond into iron oxide, in the process freeing electrons. The electrons liberated from the anode portion of the iron flow to the cathode, which may be a piece of a metal less electrically reactive than iron, or another point on the piece of Iron Itself, Consequences Rusting has a number of effects on metal objects. It makes them look orange and rough.It makes them weaker, by replacing the strong Iron or steel with flaky powder. Some oxides on some metals such as aluminium form Just a thin layer on top which lows down further corrosion, but rust can slowly eat away at even the biggest piece of iron. If a piece of Irons strength Is important for safety, such as a bridge support or a cars brake caliper. It Is a good Idea to Inspect It for rust monetary value every now and then. Rust also can cause metal separate that are supposed to slide over one another to become stuck.Rust can make holes In sheet metal. Rusty car mufflers sometimes develop holes in them, and the sheet steel making the outer bodies of cars will often rust through, making holes. Rust Is a lot less magnetized than Iron. An iron magnet will probably still work almost as ell when It has a thin coating of rust on It, but If It has dilapidate so badly that most of the metal is gone, then it will not work very well as a magnet. 1 OFF which is a gilded conductor.So if some electrical connection is made with iron, its likely to go bad when the iron surface rusts. Rust is associated with degradation of iron-based tools and structures. As rust has a much higher volume than t he originating mass of iron, its build-up can also cause failure by forcing apart adjacent parts ? a phenomenon sometimes known as rust packing. It was the cause of the collapse of the Missus river bridge in 1983, when he bearings rusted internally and pushed one corner of the road slab slay its support.Rust was also an important factor in the Silver Bridge disaster of 1967 in West Virginia, when a steel suspension bridge collapsed in less than a minute, killing 46 drivers and passengers on the bridge at the time. Prevention and Protection Because of the widespread use and importance of iron and steel outputs, the bar or slowing of rust is the basis of major economic activities in a number of specialized technologies. A brief overview of methods is presented here for detailed overage, pull in the cross-referenced articles.Rust is permeable to air and water, therefore the interior metallic iron beneath a rust layer continues to corrode. Rust prevention thus requires coatings that prevent rust formation. Some methods of prevention of rusting are as follows Gallivanting- Globalization consists of an application on the object to be protected of a layer of metallic zinc by either hot-dip gallivanting or electroplating. Zinc is traditionally used because it is cheap, adheres well to steel, and provides catholic protection to the steel surface in case of damage of the zinc layer.In more corrosive environments (such as salt water), cadmium plating is preferred. Coating and Painting- Rust formation can be controlled with coatings, such as paint, lacquer, or varnish that isolate the iron from the environment. Large structures with enclosed box sections, such as ships and modern automobiles, often have a wax-based product (technically a slashing oil) injected into these sections. Such treatments usually also contain rust inhibitors. Covering steel with concrete can provide some protection to steel because of the alkaline pH environment at the steel-concrete interfac e.Humidity Control- Rust can be avoided by controlling the moisture in the atmosphere. An example of this is the use of silica gel packets to control humidity in equipment shipped by sea. Metal Coupling-Len this method, the iron is coupled with other metal and if the metal is above iron in electrochemical series(meaner more electrostatics)then in the galvanic cell is formed by the contact of the iron and that metal, iron will go under simplification it will be safe from rusting. If the metal is below iron in electrochemical series then iron will go under oxidisation and rusting will be facilitated.

Fossil fuels Essay Example for Free

Fossil give the axes EssayFossil fuels belong to non-renewable sources of energy that be accountable for giving the energy required rough the world for many families and industrial facilities uniform electrical generators and others. Deposits of these kinds are generally found deep within the earth surface which is often needed to be mined. Fossil fuels are also rich in carbon remains of prehistoric civilization and other creature that have lasted in severe commove and pressure deep within the earth over millions of years.Researchers said that there are three types of fossil fuels which can be utilized for energy expenditure such as natural gas, embrocate and coal. Natural gas is a gas that consisted primarily of methane (CH4) substance. It is in the form of gaseous fossil fuels that are actually flexible, plentiful and comparatively clean compared to oil and coal. It is also created and form from the remains of marine microorganisms such as plankton and other type of m iniscule water creatures standardised algae. However, compared to the other types of fossil fuel, it is relatively a new kind of energy supply.In 1999 more coals are used than natural gas since people were scared that like oil, the supplies of natural gas go forth run out. For example, developed countries like United States, Japan and others have overtaken the consumption of coal than natural gas (Miller 1999). Moreover, almost researchers forecasted that the supply of natural gas will run out by the end of 21st century. Since it is primarily consists of methane, the gas is highly compacted in a small volumes at huge depths of the earth. In terms of getting this kind of fossil fuel, it needs to be conveyed to the surface by drilling.Moreover, in terms of supply, it reserves are can be seen around the globe since it were evenly distributed unlike oil. On the other hand, oil is a liquid type of fossil fuel that is created and formed from the remains of marine organisms just like n atural gas. The process is so complex that after millions of generations, the deposits will end up in a deposition and rock where oil is ensnared in small holes. Just like the natural gas, it needs to be conveyed by drilling in able to get the residual (commonly called as crude oil).Today, this kind of fossil fuel is widely used type of non-renewable sources of energy (Miller 1999). Crude oil contains various types of organic components which are brought to ameliorate establishment to further transform the product in a more refined residue. Many types of industries including cars, jets, electricity, roads and many others utilize this kind of fossil fuel. However, oil is a kind of non-renewable sources of energy which cannot be found everywhere on earth. Thus, various events like wars resulted in shortage of search of kind of fossil fuel just like what happened in the Gulf War in 1991.Lastly, coal is a solid kind of fossil fuel that was created and formed over millions of generati ons by decomposes remains of land vegetation. This is formed when layers are compressed and heated over time. The results are natural deposits that are eventually turned into coal. In comparison with the dickens types of fossil fuel, coal is more abundant in supplies. However, some researchers forecasted that the use of coal around the world will heighten as oil supplies extend inadequate. They predicted that current supplies of the coal in the world will last for at least 200 years or more.In the recent study conducted by various researchers, they found out that the use of coal was doubled in the middle of 20th century. However, at the start of 1996, there is a decline in the use of coal (McKinney and Schoch 2003). Many developing countries were the primary consumer of this kind of non-renewable sources of energy since they cannot afford the high price of natural gas and oil. Traditionally, these three kinds of fossil fuels were in abundant supply that was simple to have and tran sport.But now, signals are showing that these supplies are beginning to be depleted. It is a fact that it needs millions of years in the beginning these fuels will be replenished. Then one may ask, Why are we still using fossil fuel in huge amount? Thus, the act is very simple and easy to explain. Fossil fuels are cheaper than any kind of reasonable alternative energy that human known. Compare to renewable energy like wave, wind and solar energy, they need large amount of money in able to obtain them.However, many scientists have already forecasted that fossil fuel will increase in price because of scarcity. Therefore this may lead to an eventual transfer from non-renewable to renewable sources of energy in the coming years. BIBLIOGRAPHY McKinney, M. L. and Schoch, R. M. (2003), Environmental Science, Systems and Solutions. 3rd ed. University of Tennessee, Knoxville USA. Miller, G. T. (1999). animate in the Environment Principles, connections and solutions. 4th ed. Cole Publishin g Company, Pacific Grove, USA.

Diploma in leadership and management In Health Essay Example for Free

Diploma in pointership and management In Health audition derangement is sheathd by damage in the virtuoso, and is characterised by memory expiration and difficulties with thinking, problem solving, movement co-ordination or language. It shtup be boldnesss cause a someone to become disorientated in space and time and to experience hallucinations, a decline in communication skills and soulfulnessality changes. These symptoms also come it difficult for muckle with madness to learn rude(a) things and retain newly acquired information. The most common cause of craziness is Alzheimers dis move, which is progressive. Proteins build up in the brain, forming plaques or tangles. These cause the loss of connections between cells, and caseually nerve cells die and brain tissue is lost. pack with Alzheimers disease also do non take enough neurotransmitters, which atomic number 18 chemicals used to transmit messages.Vascular madness is caused by a range of disease of the blo od supply to the brain. Atherosclerosis is when fatty deposits build up in blood vessel walls. This causes them to harden and narrow, reducing blood flow to the brain. When brain cells do not get the oxygen and nutrients they need, they start to die. Picks disease or frontotemporal dementia is caused by nerve cells in the frontage and/or temporal lobes dying. The connections between these cells change, and there is a loss of neurotransmitters. Over time, the frontal and/or temporal lobes shrink. Lewy bodies be tiny round protein structures in the nerve cells of the brain. The cause of these or how they cause dementia is unknown. There is also a loss of neurotransmitters, and all everywhere time, the nerve cells progressively die and brain tissue is lost.People with dementia experience varied types of memory impairment. A decline in memory heart that people get out a great deal struggle to recall recent events or immerse messages, routes or names. They whitethorn repeat the mselves or ask the same questions repeatedly. They may forget how to do things, such as how to use cutlery, tie shoelaces, get dressed or play chess. Difficulties finding the puff up(p) word, or understanding the look oning of words, endure affect communication. Losing the ability to read or to interpret signs, as well as the soul being un fit to understand what early(a)s are locution lav feel a big impact on communication. Losing reading and writing skills not only impacts on communicating with others, but butt joint also lead to confusion. People with dementia may no longer understand the normal flow of conversation and competency interrupt or ignore people.Changes in behaviour are common in people with dementia. They may repeat an activity over and over, pace up and down, or follow people around. sometimes people with dementia base shout, scream, or become physically aggressive. They foot become rest slight and may wake up during the night. A lack of stifling afte r part mean that somebody with dementia might undress inappropriately, be rude or display inappropriate sexual behaviour. People with dementia may hide and recur their possessions. They might be also suspicious of others, thinking that somebody has stolen an object they have misplaced, for example.People with dementia jackpot struggle with genial processes such as reasoning. This can lead to confusion and difficulty with many everyday tasks. Being unable to weigh up all of the facts to make a sensible decision can have a huge impact on a psyches biography. Many people with dementia allow lose skills which they used to have, whether this be playing a musical instrument, driving or decorating. Abilities of people with dementia can fluctuate day to day. For example, they might be able to recognise a relative some geezerhood, but not others. Sometimes they might be able to write, whereas other days they might not.Dementia can affect the areas of the brain responsible for balance a nd movement, make movement difficulties. People with dementia may walk much slowly, be only able to walk for short distances, or struggle to get up from chairs. They might need prevail to walk, or use a cane or a wheelchair. People with dementia might find it difficult to walk outside or on uneven surfaces and may be fearful of stairs or hesitant while walking by dint of door representations.Stimuli including touch, light, heat and sound waves are input through the sensory organs. This information is encoded into our memory system by the brain. development can be encoded in terms of what a printed word looks like, what a word sounds like, or what the word means. This information then has to be maintained. This is thought to return in takeing memory (when information is stored for a maximum of 20 seconds) by electrical signals travelling through neurons in a loop.The hippocampus and the frontal cortex filter the information and decide if it will be stored in long term memory. If so, it is thought to be stored in some proteins. The information is stored in different parts of the brain, but we do not know exactly how this works. To recall a memory, the information must(prenominal) be retrieved. This istriggered by a convalescence cue. The brain reconstructs the memory, putting together what may have exited by retrieving the information that the brain stored and could recall. Memories can be reconstructed incorrectly, and this can be influenced by the re broadeny cue (such as a leading question).In people with dementia, the hippocampus may be damaged. This can make it much more difficult for the soul to learn new information or to form new memories. The mortal might not remember what they did earlier on that day, or they might forget what they have said moments before, causing them to repeat themselves. The hippocampus is used when memories are retrieved, particularly memories which were formed more recently. This is why many people with dementia quie ten have their childhood memories but cannot remember what they have done that day.When damage spreads through the brain, such as in people with Alzheimers disease, more areas in the brain become affected. The brain slowly shrinks and earlier memories are lost. The left hemisphere is responsible for semantic memory (the meaning of words) and language, so when it is damaged, the mortal might struggle to find the right words. The temporal lobes match visual input with memories of previous experiences, so when this is damaged, the soul might struggle to recognise familiar faces and objects. Sometimes, a person with Alzheimers disease might know who the familiar person is once they hear their voice, because hearing pathways are separate.When a persons right parietal lobe is damaged, they may struggle to judge distances, causing problems with navigating stairs, for example. The damage can spread to the frontal lobes, causing somebody with Alzheimers disease to struggle with planning, agreement and decision making. This might include problems with tasks such as following a new recipe. In people with Alzheimers disease, many abilities are not lost, specially skills learned a long time ago. Skills such as playing a musical instrument depend on procedural memories, which are stored mystical within the brain. These skills are often maintained for a long time in people with Alzheimers disease.People with vascular dementia display a wider range of symptoms than other types of dementia. Sometimes a stroke can cause vascular dementia, if theblood supply to the brain is suddenly cut off and a large area of tissue on one side of the brain dies. The person may struggle with planning, concentrating, thinking, or with their memory. They may also have problems with voice communication or vision, or have weakness on one side of the body. Several mini-strokes can also lead to vascular dementia, each one causing a small patch of brain tissue in the cortex to die.The symptoms d epend on where the tissue is lost. If this is in the hippocampus, the person might have problems with their occasional(a) memory ( ain memories of specific events). Damage in the frontal lobe can cause difficulties with executive function (problem solving, setting goals, making decisions, and following sequences to complete tasks). This might mean the person struggles to make cheese on toast, for example, because they cannot organise what they need to do.Vascular dementia can also follow several mini-strokes over time. Each mini-stroke creates a small patch of dead brain tissue, called an infarct, in the cortex. Early symptoms can be very specific to where the tissue is lost. For example, problems with episodic memory can be caused by an infarct in the hippocampus, and problems with executive function can be caused by an infarct in the frontal lobe.When a person has frontotemporal dementia, their temporal and/or frontal lobes shrink. Damage to specific areas causes different proble ms. The person might become withdrawn and lose motivation, or they might lose their inhibitions. This could cause them to take their turn off inappropriately, or make inappropriate comments. When the frontal lobes are damaged, the person might repeat themselves constantly.People with dementia with Lewy bodies have less shrinkage of the brain than people with Alzheimers disease or frontotemporal dementia. The Lewy bodies form in the cerebral cortex, brain stem and limbic system. Common early symptoms are problems with attention and vision. Lewy bodies in the brain stem can also cause difficulties with movement.Sometimes people can have other conditions which might cause symptoms similar to those of dementia. Depression can mean the persons mood is irritable,sad or hopeless. They might be agitated, restless, or tired with no energy. They might lose interest or pleasure in activities that they used to enjoy. Sometimes economic crisis can cause disturbances in sleep, like early waking , along with memory or concentration problems. It can cause a person to eat too much or too little, to have aches and pains with no physical cause, or to experience suicidal thoughts. However, depression usually develops over weeks or months, which is faster than the onset of dementia.People with dementia often experience problems with reasoning, expression and orientation in time and space, which depression would not usually cause. If a person with depression struggles to remember something, they will often remember when prompted, but people with dementia often try to cover up their forgetfulness. People with severe depression may struggle with their memory and reasoning due to poor concentration. These symptoms disappear with treatment, whereas this will not happen in people with dementia. People with depression and dementia can lack motivation, but people with depression are likely to show other symptoms of this, rather than other symptoms of dementia.People with infections, su ch as urinary tract infections, can also have symptoms which may appear similar to those of dementia. The pain caused by UTIs can cause people to become depressed or agitated, especially if they cannot egest that they are in pain. Infections can also cause dizziness, confusion, hallucinations or memory problems, which could be off-key for dementia. However, the confusion caused by infections is acute and comes on suddenly with the onset of the infection, rather than over a much longer period of time, as undergo by people with dementia. Once the infection has been tempered then any agitation and confusion will disappear, which is not the case with dementia.Drugs including prescribed medications can have side effects which may mimic those of dementia. These can include confusion, dizziness, problems with movement or speech, difficulties with memory or thinking, agitation or hallucinations. People with these symptoms may appear to have dementia. This is more likely to be the case i n older people, because they metabolize medication less efficiently, causing a build up of the drug. However, oncethe person is on the correct type and dosage of medication, the symptoms should resolve themselves.People may become composite for reasons other than dementia, such as changes in their environs. Moving home, having different jump workers or changing activities could cause a person to be confused. These changes could also cause depression, which in turn can mimic dementia. Once a person becomes more settled in their routine then the symptoms should disappear.Alcohol abuse can destroy brain cells responsible for memory, balance, thinking and decision making. People that drink heavily may also have an unhealthy diet low in thiamine. A severe deficiency in thiamine can lead to Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome, which causes symptoms such as memory loss, confusion and agitation. This could mean the person appears to have dementia. However, a history of alcohol abuse might sugges t that this is not the case. Treatment for Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome can reverse the symptoms, which would not happen if the person had dementia.Vision problems caused by conditions such as cataracts or age-related macular reversion can cause people to become confused and struggle to read or to recognise faces. This can be scary and can mean the person becomes depressed or agitated. Macular degeneration can come on rapidly, furthering the possibility that the persons symptoms could be viewed as those of dementia. Once a diagnosis is confirmed and symptoms are treated or the person is die hard to manage their condition, it would become apparent that the person does not have dementia.There are many reasons why the abilities and needs of an individual with dementia might fluctuate. In people with Alzheimers disease, as the condition progresses, the persons abilities decline over time. People with dementia often have pellucid moments, where they may suddenly be more able to commun icate or do certain things for a short period of time. People with Dementia with Lewy bodies are more likely to experience fluctuating abilities.Medication changes can cause withdrawal symptoms such as confusion, dizziness or flu-like symptoms. Side effects of the new medication, such as those mentioned above, may be more apparent until the body gets used to this medication. These can mean the person is more agitated or confused than normal and they might need extra support until the symptoms have eased. Sometimes a person may have been on a strong medication for a long period of time, and once this is changed, their abilities and needs can change. Several people that I have worked with have been more able to make andcommunicate their decisions, more mobile, alert and independent after certain medications were reduced or withdrawn.Abilities can often be mood dependent when anyone is in a trusty mood, they are more likely to want to do things and to communicate more effectively. Be ing less able to communicate or having to rely on others for support can cause frustration or agitation, particularly where support with personal care is required. Once agitated, the person might be less able to do things independently due to the way they are feeling. People with dementia are often awake at night and they may struggle with their day/night orientation. This can lead to them being tired during the day, affecting their cognitive abilities, communication skills and co-ordination.The support a person receives can impact on their abilities and needs. If there is a lack of continuity in the support cand, the person can become unhappy and more confused, causing their abilities to change. It is important for the person to build trust and familiarity with their support workers. Likewise, bettor support and improved continuity might mean that the person becomes more independent as they are more settled and have better routines. Developing effective communication methods can mean the person becomes more able to communicate with those around them. Different ways in which the person is supported could also result in fluctuations in abilities while they are supported by different support workers. If a person is experiencing abuse committed by anyone around them, they are likely to become depressed, confused or agitated, meaning their abilities and needs could change.Early diagnosis can swear out reduce the anxiety experienced by the person which is caused by not knowing what is causing their symptoms. The diagnosis can help the person to feel empowered and they can learn some their condition and what their future may hold. The person or their family might be in denial about the diagnosis, refusing to accept that they have dementia. The diagnosis can make a person feel as if their life-time has been turned upside down. They are likely to be panicked and might feel like they have lost their identity, dignity and control over their life.They may be scared of losingtheir home and their privacy and dignity. Sometimes people may be viewed or treated differently by others once they have a diagnosis, including their family and friends, or they might be worried about this happening. However, early diagnosis is important because it enables gateway to support groups. The person can gain advice on how to manage their condition while living as full a life as executable. The support groups slip in people who are in the same situation, so the person and their family and friends can build a support network. The support group can also provide specialist information related to the persons condition and their symptoms, with a real understanding of how dementia impacts the life of the person and their friends and family.If the person is diagnosed with dementia early, the key cause can be discovered and they can access treatments for their condition. Alzheimers disease and dementia with Lewy bodies gradually damage the brain. Medications are avail able which improve symptoms by increasing the function of the remaining healthy brain cells. These medications do not slow the progression of the disease but they do improve symptoms, which improves quality of life. some other medications can also be reviewed, as they could be affecting cognitive functioning.Risk factors such as smoking, being overweight, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and poorly controlled diabetes contribute to vascular dementia. The presence of these risk factors can also make Alzheimers disease worse. Early diagnosis might mean that more attention is given to keeping these risk factors under control, which could slow the progression of vascular dementia or Alzheimers.A diagnosis is essential for organising support, including day serve, dangling care, occupational therapists, dieticians, mental health teams and speech and language therapists. This can not only improve quality of life for the person, but give family and friends a retard from supporting the person. Early diagnosis means the person will get the support sooner, possibly improving their long term outcome. A diagnosis will also make financial support accessible to the person, such as Personal IndependencePayment. It may make it easier for the person and their family to receive advice regarding their finances, as well as financial support such as Carers Allowance.An early diagnosis will give more time to plan for the future to arrest that everything is in order. A Lasting Power of Attorney may need to be arranged if the dementia is progressive. Safer ways of taking medication can be set up, such as blister packs, for example. This will help the person to take their medication correctly, and can make it simpler for family and friends. This can empower the person, increase liberty and reduce the risk of medication errors which could cause health issues. If a person is already diagnosed with dementia, then nurses and doctors will be aware of any difficulties they may d iddle and will work harder to communicate with the person effectively.It is essential to record accurately to aid early diagnosis. Recording anything that is unusual for the person or any possible symptoms of dementia, in detail, will give a good picture over time of any changes in a persons ability or memory. It is important to have agreed methods of recording and reporting within the brass instrument and for all employees to follow these. These might include verbal, written and electronic communication. Information must be kept confidential and all records and reports must be timely and accurate. Reporting might include communicating with colleagues, key workers and line managers, GPs, nurses, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, speech and language therapists and specialist consultants. Records must be legible, factual, dated and signed.Recording all of these symptoms will help to see if there is a pattern and reporting them to the persons GP can obtain a referral for diag nosis as soon as possible. When a diagnosis is made, they may use the support records, as well as looking at times where concerns have been reported to the relevant bodies. It is important that all records are detailed to ensure that an early, correct diagnosis can be made. Before and after diagnosis, detailed records will show if a persons symptoms are improving or worsening over time. It is also essential to record accurately to highlight any risks that arise and to report these.This ensures that the risks can be addressed, reducing the likelihood of harm coming to the person and their support workers. When a support worker records and reports a risk they encounter tothe relevant person or authority, they are also protecting themselves in the event of legal action arising. The organisation would be required to prove that they have agreed methods of recording and reporting in place and that they ensure that these are followed. Having half-hardy support plans and risk assessments i n place should mean that they hold up to scrutiny in court. This would mean that employees would be liable for their own actions if they did not work in accordance with them.Part 3Person centred care is support planned and de stand upred around the needs of the person. This means involving the person as much as possible, as well as any other people that they wish to be involved, such as family, friends and other professionals. Support workers will be matched to the person being supported, who might be involved in recruitment. The person should be as involved as possible in choosing where they wish to live, who they want to live with, who they want to be supported by, what they want to do each day, what and when they eat and drink, how they are supported with day to day activities, etc. The person will be supported to be as independent as possible and staff will be trained to meet the needs of the person. Support workers will invariably respect the dignity, privacy and rights of the person.They will work to ensure a holistic blast, meeting all of the persons needs, including religious and cultural. They will support the person to develop and maintain meaningful relationships and will build a trusting, professional relationship with the person. Support workers will have a positive approach, focal point on what the person can do, what their strengths are, and seeing the person as an individual rather than by their condition. They will work within guidance and legislation, act in the beat out interests of the person and work to safeguard them from abuse. A multidisciplinary team will often be involved, to support the person in all areas of their life in the outdo possible way.Non person centred care is the opposite of all of this and is base on a more institutional approach which is easiest for the staff or the organisation, what fits in scoop with the other people who live there, or which ischeapest. Non person centred care is more likely to occur in larg e group homes, though can happen anywhere. Carers might be very limited by time or resources. Staff may subscribe to the biomedical model of health. The biomedical model focuses on the person being physically healthy, as in having an absence of physical illness. It does not consider wellbeing as a whole, ignoring social and psychological factors. This way of thinking means all of the factors outlined above could be ignored, because staff might think the person is well supported just because they are physically healthy.There are many techniques which can be used to meet the fluctuating needs of the person with dementia. The reality-orientation approach is a type of therapy which reduces confusion and helps the person to understand their surroundings. Information relating to time, place, a person, etc. is presented and repeated regularly. This might be clocks, schedules for the day or a board showing the date, which is reinforced using prompts in conversation. This is helpful because people with dementia may forget what day/time it is, where they are, or who they are with.The validation approach means seeing the world through the person with dementias eyes and trying to enter their reality, rather than bringing them back to our reality. This sometimes means not challenging their reality doing this would often just lead to more stress and confusion. This approach improves the persons self esteem and can mean they feel more settled. The validation approach subscribes to the idea that there is a reason why people with dementia do and say the things they do, and that we should validate these things and try to understand them. The behaviours are attempts to communicate. It says that we must sympathize with the person and try to understand what they are trying to express.The validation approach theorises that the person is expressing things which they have suppressed for many years. Expressing these feelings reduces the intensity of them and enables the person to co mmunicate more. It is based on the idea that when a person has severe short term memory loss, they revert to the more familiar past. This is thought to be to due to having less control over the present, to relive past experiences or to resolve unfinished conflicts. This approach reduces stress experienced by the person with dementia and encompasses theholistic approach, focusing on the persons dignity and happiness. This often results in the person displaying less behaviours which challenge. victimisation the right back up and assistive technology can help carers to meet the changing needs of a person with dementia while maintaining their dignity and independence. Assistive technology such as pressure sensors, door alarms, calendar clocks, talking photo albums, reminder messages and personal alarms can help family or support workers to meet the variety of changing needs of the person with dementia. Changing the environment to meet the needs of the person might include fitting hand rails, ramps or different flooring such as non slip flooring. Practical aids to help the person be more independent are useful, such as touch sensitive lamps, kettle tippers, adapted cutlery and non spill cups. Equipment for personal care, continence and maintaining dignity might include dressing aids, raised toilet seats, bath seats, commodes and continence pads. Some mobility and vary aids are walking frames, wheelchairs, hoists, transfer turntables and chair raisers.Working with the person to find the best combination of aids and techniques is important as part of a person centred approach. Support workers should use retrospection techniques such as discussing old pastimes, looking through photo albums, watching old films or listening to music can help stimulate a persons memory and enhance their quality of life. Alternative therapies such as aromatherapy and massage can mean the person feels more relaxed in what can be a stressful, confusing world. It is important to address s ensory needs, whether this is through touch, smell, activities such as swimming or use of sensory rooms, etc. Using effective communication is essential for person centred support. Support workers should be aware of their verbal and non verbal communication, using techniques such as physical prompts where appropriate. As previously discussed, needs and abilities can fluctuate on a daily basis so different techniques might be useful on different days or with different people.Myths and stereotypes related to dementia can have a big impact on the individual and their carers. Some of these stereotypes are that people with dementia are aggressive, that they do not have rights or that they do notunderstand anything. Some people assume that people with dementia automatically lose their independence so cannot drive or be involved in decisions. This could mean that people are automatically excluded from being involved in decisions regarding their support, which is not person centred. The pe rsons independence might be compromised as they might not realise that their diagnosis does not prevent them from doing things, including driving.These stereotypes can lead to social isolation for both the person and their carers in attempt to avoid coming into contact with people who hold these beliefs. Negative interactions with professionals such as GPs can negatively impact the persons self esteem and dignity, as well as that of the carer. This in turn may mean that the person struggles to access the service which they need, or avoids seeking access to these services in fear of discrimination. A lack of access to services can also affect the carer because they can be left to care for the person without any respite or support network around them. The involvement of professionals such as occupational therapists, for example, can greatly improve the lives of both the person and the carer. All of this can negatively impact on the persons behaviour, further affecting their quality of life (and that of the carer).Individuals and carers can be supported to overcome their fears through person centred planning. Support to do this can empower the individual to be in control of their life rather than fearful about what will happen to them. This support could come from advocates, charities, support groups, friends, line managers, etc. Carers are likely to be less scared and more informed about how they can effectively meet the persons needs to improve their quality of life. Information about accessible services can demonstrate to the person with dementia that they can still be supported to live a full and active life. They can choose which services they would like to use and can see what is on offer, which might be in contrast to views they already hold about care providers.This information can ease the fears of carers, particularly where family carers are involved, because they may feel more at ease when they know that a wide range of person centred support is availa ble. Where an organisation is providing support, training can help the support worker to feel more informed and confident in their ability to provide person centred care. This can ease any fear which the person has,along with supervision meetings where they can discuss their development. Team meetings are also helpful, because the team can discuss their ways of running(a) and address any issues that they have come across. Support groups and organisations can greatly help to ease the fears of both the individual and their carers, not only by providing working advice and support, but through moral support too.