Psychological Therapies For Depression Essay

PIT was first developed by Robert Hobson (1985) as an attempt to move a sort from the traditional psychoanalytic approach of a one-sided birth between therapist and client. It was originally called the conversational model to emphasise the f proceed that the mutual task of therapist and client was to engage in a therapeutic conversation. In this conversation problems are non only talked close as past events, but are also actively relived in the give up and resolved within the therapeutic relationship. Hobson believed that the symptoms of depression arise from disturbances in the interpersonal relationships. These disturbances can only be explored and modified effectively from within another relationship the therapeutic one. The quality of the relationship is therefore crucial.Components of PIT-explorative rule- interpersonal difficulties in the individuals life are identified, and the therapist tries to find a rationale for the individual that links their current symptoms with these difficulties. Shared Understanding- the therapist tries to understand what the individual is really experiencing or feeling. focussing on difficult feelings- the individual may express an emotion (i.e. anger) of which they are unaware, or may not display appropriate emotion. Gaining insight- the therapist points out patterns in different types of relationship Sequencing of Interventions- different aspects of the model essential be used in a coherent manner. Change- the therapist marks and encourages changes made during therapy.Effectiveness of PITPaley et al (2008) hit shown that as a treatment for depression, outcomes for PIT are at least equivalent to those achieved with CBT. However, they acknowledge that changes in significant life-events were not monitored during the study, therefore any observable clinical gains (or lack of them) could not be attributed solely to the therapeutic intervention. NHSpsychotherapy patients were randomly allocated to receive 12 weeks PIT o r to remain as a waiting list learns for that period. 54 patients entered the study, of which 33 complete. Significant improvement was observed in patients that completed the therapy, suggesting that even a brief treatment by inexperienced therapists can be effective in alleviating the symptoms of depression.The Cognitive Behavioural TherapyCBT emphasises the role of maladaptive thoughts and beliefs in the origins and maintenance of depression. When people think negatively about themselves and their lives, they become depressed. The aim of CBT is to identify and alter these maladaptive cognitions as well as any dysfunctional behaviour that might be contributing to depression. CBT is intended to be relatively brief (16-20 sessions) and is focused on current problems and current dysfunctional thinking Thought Catching- individuals are taught how to see the link between their thoughts and the way they feel. By challenging these dysfunctional thoughts, and replacing them with more con structive ones, clients are trying out stark naked ways of behaving. Behavioural Activation- this is based on the common sense idea that being active leads to rewards that act as an antidote to depressionEffectiveness of PITRobinson et al (1990) meta-analysis found that CBT was superior to no-treatment control groups. However, when these control groups were subdivided into waiting lists and placebo groups, CBT was not significantly more effective than the placebo condition. CBT appears to be less suitable for people who have high levels of dysfunctional beliefs that are both rigid and resistant to change.- (Elkin et al 1985)