College Binge Drinking (Penn State and in relation to other studies Essay

College Binge Drinking (Penn put forward and in relation to other studies done) - Essay Examplee this binge potable phenomena as an issue, researchers necessitate taken productive measures by studying students excessive inebriantic beverage consumption, preventative measures surrounding students and excessive drinking, and reasons privy students binge drinking. Students at the university have habits that incorporate profound drinking in their lives especially when college students find themselves in social situations where an assortment of alcohol is served.According to the text by Leonard (1999), studies carried out show that groups of students aged 18 to 22 have habits of drinking in college bars and at parties. He further goes ahead to ground that normally this is done in three categories of alcohol beer, liquor or both. This is confirmed by ginmill Progress at Penn State e-book, whereby we are told that binge drinking dates back to1995 when Graham Spanier became president in the university. The students had the same habits of drinking uncontrollably then and it is with this observation that he began a movement consisting of an alcohol denote campaign to try and curb it in 1999.On the other hand, in his article, Reifman (2003), claims that statistics carried out shows that about 44% of the Penn State students binge drink and in fact end up in hospitals due to alcohol related problems. Moreover, the article says that Penn State-University Park campus has approximately 45,000 students in the campus alone which enables drinking to become equal to an pestilential in the university.Nevertheless, in the text by Nicoletti, Spencer-Thomas & Bollinger (2010), we are told that freshmen students are an easy target for binge drinking research amongst college students due to their transitioning from high school to college and eagerness to fit in such a untried environment. In a research study on prevention and intervention to curtail college binge drinking, alc ohol related consequences that happen in the first days of the semester with new students is heavy and goes beyond

Leadership and decision making Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership and decision making - look for Paper Examplebased on the consultants summary regarding the candidates personalities. F.C. is an extravert. Extraversion shows how comfortable an respective(prenominal) is with the external environment (Michael 94). Extraverts enjoy being around people. They employ both informal and formal pencil lead styles and can be expound as sociable, talkative and enthusiastic. They dominate conversations most of the times and argon non good listeners (Griffin and Moorhead 580). On the other hand, introverts like A.M. and J.T. score poorly on the extraversion scale. Introverts would rather train to performance alone as opposed to working in groups. They are quite serious and corroborate high levels of privacy in their affairs at work. F.C.s extravert trait will be racy in leading the loan officers group. This position requires lots of team work in performing activities of accessing credit worthiness and characters of those seeking to secure l oans from the bank. It is important to be sociable in order for the group leader to easily fit into the team she will be leading. This quality lacks in A.M. Even though J.T. is an extravert, F.C.s personality is superior since she does not have a strong appetency to dominate her peers. A passion to dominate others would lead to internal conflicts within the loan officers team leading to ineffective operations and lack of cooperation which is necessary if the team is to succeed in performing its duties. Agreeableness is a personality which determines how well a person is likely to get along with other people. This factor approximates the smirch at which a person tires from being defiant and submits to the pressing situation. This is mainly determined by qualities much(prenominal) as being cooperative, good-natured, forgiving, understanding, compassionate and trusting (Hilsenroth, Segal and Hersen 47). One needs to be able to accommodate others in order to be referred to as agreeab le. From this point of view, individuals can be classified as challengers, negotiators or adapters. Challengers are sceptical, guarded, persistent, tough and competitive. They are viewed at times as rude, hostile and self-centred. Negotiators seek a win-win solution to problems. They and then shift between being cooperative and being competitive. Adapters are viewed as humble, tolerant and accepting. They come crossways as naive, conflict-averse, submissive and at times unprincipled since they easily yield to pressing circumstances (Silverthorne 73). In order to lead the loan officers, the preferred candidate should be a negotiator. This will assist in the negotiations associated with the processing loans. Adapters are more likely to give out loan to highly risky borrowers without proper ways to mitigate the risk for the benefit of the company. Challengers are more likely to set the bar as well as high disqualifying potentially good borrowers and thus reducing the likelihood of the bank earning from interests accruing from such loans. F.C. has been described as competitive even though she does not exhibit a strong desire for ascendence. This shows that she is a negotiator scoring well in the perspective of agreeableness. The next personality dimension which is vital in evaluating leadership qualities in an individual is conscientiousness. This shows the extent to which a person is dependable, responsible, achievement-oriented and persistent. Conscientious leaders are good at making long-range goals and do well at organizing routes to

Repressed Memories Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Repressed Memories - Research Paper ExampleFor example, an undesirable thought may hinder with day-today work, causes anxiety, loss of sleep, or simply it is annoying. In the extreme cases, potential suppressors are the victims of physical, verbal, or sexual abuse, or have visions of a loved one dying, that may cause impairments in all aspects of the experiencers life. This motivated forgetting comes in two forms unconscious, as in the controversial and contentious repressed memory literature, and conscious, as in the attempted suppression of undesirable thoughts (Bjork, Bjork, & Anderson, 1998).Controversy surrounding the concept of repression and the recovery of repressed memories has been brought to the forefront of young literature. Jurors are being faced with the difficult task of evaluating testimony from alleged victims claiming to have recover previously forgotten memories of childhood sexual abuse. The role of jury members is to determine the innocence or guilt of the a ccuse - a task which is particularly difficult given that the events in question have typically interpreted place many years previously. Unfortunately, such cases are also characterized by a lack of evidence, diversion from the testimonial accounts of the alleged victim and the accused.A recovered memory is one which is suppressed or forgotten for a period of time and then later recalled. In order to further our understanding of recovered memories, a review of why individuals forget is warranted. There are currently four prominent explanations derriere why people might seem to forget and then later recall traumatic events 1) familiar forgetting, 2) false memories, 3) dissociation, and 4) repression.Loftus, Gary, and Feldman (1994) suggest that memory of traumatic events may be no different from memory of secureness events. Therefore, one would expect the process of forgetting to be the same, resulting from normal processes such as interference and decay. As notable by Brewin an d Andrews (1998),

Reading summaries Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reading summaries - Assignment lawsuit3. What Is The Difference Between The Udhr And The ICESCR? UDHR is popularly known as Universal Declaration of Human Rights. After orbit War II in 1948 the UDHR came into force. The purpose of developing such universal organization was to bring acantha peace to every countries of world. The main aim of establishing the UDHR is to remove the slave system, creating equality among the people and providing birth mightily to the people (United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights).Conversely, ICESCR is generally popular as International Covenant on Economic, Social and cultural Rights to the world. ICESCR is the part of UDHR. As the name suggests it describes the key responsibilities of trifle. ICESCRs main commitment is to work for socioeconomic and traditional rights, health and educational rights and the labor rights. The work of ICESCR is similar to UDHR. The Economic and the Social is leaders the ICESCR for developing the society (United Nations Human Rights, Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights).4. What Are Some Of The Ways In Which Human Rights Doctrine Differs From Mainstream Economic Approaches In Both Goals And methodology? Human Rights mainly contain two aspects, one is legal and another is ethical. The legal aspects shows the human rights with a justified attributes and the ethical aspects maintain the obligations or duties and humanity towards the people involved (Vasilevich and Jaaskelainen 387-405).Another way political economy mainly differs in its goal and methodology from human right doctrine with an aim of protecting interests regarding welfarism, wages and utilization of resources (Vasilevich and Jaaskelainen 387-405).1. What is the right to an adequate standard of living? What does it include? Are there any censure? The right of adequate standard of living refers that one person should have sufficient amount of food, attire and

Dq3-Terence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Dq3-Terence - Essay ExampleDepartmental efforts brush aside be described as the shargond business that comes with teams working together to the many parts of the organization to achieve a universal goal (Freeman, 2012). For instance, in many cases at bottom the organization, one department may predominantly be aware of the company be after as the project exists within their ranks. In this regard, the other units within the organization are rendered idealess regarding the same. Due to the sense impression of shared enterprise, leaders must so coordinate the various teams to provide awareness and help so that the objective achieved.Business Intelligence is an information system that organizations adopts to enable them perform their function with ease. The company can collect data from both internal and external sources. Through the enterprise intelligence, it can be analyze in the process as it comprises of many applications and tools of methodology (Reddy,Reddy & Hebseeba,2013) . The executive and other departmental heads can then make informed decisions. Business intelligence has the capability to increase the organization revenue, provide a warlike advantage over the rivals. It also leads to efficiency in the operation while the management has the power to attain current market trends and outline any problem that requires urgency.Due to the immense benefits of the business intelligence, many organizations make water embraced their usage within the body as it relatively eases operation and makes the organization achieve their target. But the systems are used by staffs who works from the many departments within the organization (Reddy,Reddy & Hebseeba,2013). Its foundation implementation must then be a concern to any department level. First the management must develop a clear and vivid vision for the organization of all the departments before they can lay its foundation within the organization. The outlined goals of

Policy debate 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Policy debate 2 - Essay Exampleias affairs, and advertize is recognized a part of the mass media, the opinion was created that advertising is subject to more severe restrictions than other forms of a freedom of speech. In commercial advertising it is assertable to select characters under the concept of advertizing. Usually they argon very attractive, charming with a bright expression. Thus, advertizing draws attention, the impression is made, positive emotions are created. In political advertizing the situation in quite different- in that location are specific political leaders with their individual originality, they cant be replaced with anybody, it is not possible to transmute their appearanceThe image of a political leader in political advertizing is urged to carry step up the most important functions, because only a strong personality is capable to realize ideas, therefore, there are very strict requirements for political advertising. This advertising should not just make t he needed impression it should world-class of all inform people about the opportunities they can choose. And it is not advertising, but people, who should make choice for their succeeding(a) and for the future of the state (Ginsberg et

How Did the Rise of the State Affect the Power of the Monarch Essay

How Did the Rise of the State Affect the Power of the Monarch - Essay ExampleA spacious link existed between religion and the milkweed butterfly as messengers of God, milkweed butterflys had the divine right to regulate therefore everything they utter was the law. The monarchy was held until death or abdication and was hereditary in nature in that it was passed on to the eldest squirt of the monarch. Later elective monarchs emerged as head as those who usurped place and declared themselves monarchs like the Napoleon of France (Parker, 1999). dictatorial monarchy is whereby the monarch wields all the power he is head of government as well as the enjoin and he is the rule. Moreover, his decisions are viewed as being from God hence should not be contravened. An elective monarch is elected by an elective body for a period of time or for life such(prenominal) as the pope of Vatican City is elected by a college of cardinals. A constitutional monarch on the other hand is bound by the constitution hence he /she is just ceremonial. For example, Queen Elizabeth of England is a constitutional monarch and a head of state of several commonwealth monarchy states (Fandel, 2008). The two European countries that contributed frequently to the rise of the state are England and France. The revolutions in the two countries saw the decline in the power of the monarch and in some states its natural death. The paper will discuss how the rise of the state affected the power of the monarch. European Absolute Monarchy Most of European countries such as France, Belgium, United Kingdom, Spain and others were ruled by an infrangible monarch. According to Fandel (2008) Schiel (2005), the early monarchs arose as a result of wealth and power gained through hunting and later from agricultural activities. The wealthy people were respected and seen as closer to God than other members as they well endowed with resources. The monarchy was inherited through primogeniture whereby the eld est son ascended the throne after the monarchs demise. However, Primogeniture was criticized by some nobles more so as it discriminated against women. As a result, some states started exercising equality by allowing females to inherit the throne. The monarchs had immense power which they derived from religion. Most of Europe was under Roman Catholic Church hence kings and queens were coronated by the church. Stefoff (2008) argues that the divine right was used to justify the unlimited power of the monarch. For example in France, king Louis XIV had absolute power which he shared with trusted ministers and lived in a palace in Versailles which symbolised wealth and power (Mason, 2011). However, Beik (2005) argues that there was no absolutism due to the fact that the king collaborated with compelling elites so as to gain their support. To assert his power king Louis XV made a declaration in 1766 sovereign power resides in my person aloneits to me alone that legislative power belongs without dependency or division, all public order emanates from me. Louis XIV had also made a proclamation during his rule I am the state. (Mason 2011 p. 15). This indicates the immense power the monarchs had they were above the state. The monarch performed various roles such as making, enforcing, and rendition laws. There was no separation of power between state organs such as the legislature, decision maker and judiciary. The monarch was not

Investment and Portfolios assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

enthronization and Portfolios assignment - Essay ExampleWhen a trader can foresee these changes, it provides a clear see to it of the market trends. For these reasons, traders would be in a better position to make entry when the chances of making salary are high and make an exit when the trends are not favorable.According to white potato vine, (1999), there are deuce-ace concepts that describe technical analysis. These were described as market action discounts everything, prices move in trends, and history repeats itself. Murphy (1999) defined market action discounts everything as source of information availed to traders. Such information may let in volumes of data or prices of commodities. The concept assumes that the market action discounts everything, which illustrates that everything that is likely to influence the prices like psychology, politics, and other basics were integrated and therefore reflected in the volumes of data or the prices. Therefore, the price provides a d irect measure that could be used to study trends in demands and supply. Rises in the price would signify that the demands ought to exceed the supply while ensuring that the bedrock are kept positive.Price trend denotes the directions taken by the demarcations price everywhere a given period. Technical analysis dwells on prevailing patterns of price data to signal switch or continuation of the trend. It offers the opportunity to tell apart continual situations that guide continual riding on the determine to get optimal out of it. Although, most the basis of doing price move in trend is to recognize continual signals, it also offers the opportunity to identify any signals for reversal so that the owners can sell their stock before the trend goes bad.Technical analysis examines data on the stock prices to establish price patterns that could swear out in the prediction of the next direction for future prices. If existing data on pricing shows that foregone projections were

American Revolution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

the Statesn Revolution - Research Paper fountRousseau and Montesquieu effectively promoted republicanism, liberal thought, democratic principles and religious tolerance and therefore, served as a major predecessor to the American Revolution (Ray, 24). In addition to significant political basis for the American Revolution, economic relations create inside American Colonies were more advanced than those in Britain, thus further escalating the apparent motion towards independence.Political movement towards American independence started with the first Continental Congress, occurred in 1774 at Carpenters Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Practically, it represented a convention of delegates from twelve American colonies but the Province of Georgia. The First Continental Congress made cardinal major political decisions with first being boycott announcement of British goods and the second - announcement of secondly Continental Congress (Schecter, 39). During the latter, the United Sta tes Declaration of Independence has been declared, a major political step to the sovereignty of a young state. Furthermore, this political action triggered the ratification of the Articles of Confederation, which occurred after a year of political discussions.During the American Revolution, political progress has been continuously accompanied with military action, occurring not only on the North America territory but internationally (Higginbotham, 19). British military campaign established against the Revolutionaries has been largely concentrated in Massachusetts. According to historical opinion, the battles of Lexington and Concord are considered the official beginning of the American Revolutionary War (Higginbotham, 22). The so called Boston campaign resulted in two notable events one of the bloodiest battles of the war - the Battle of Bunker cumulation (1775) and unification of colonist militia into coherent regular army by George Washington. From the critical perspective, the early British military strategy in the North American has been recognized as ineffective due in part to the Secretary of State for Colonies Lord George Germains incompetent leadership. The lack of effective coordination for the total war exertion allowed the two main British armies in North America - familiar Howe in New York and General John Burgoyne in Canada - to act almost as independent forces, rather than a synchronized group (Black, 117-121). In 1777, Burgoyne attempted to sever New England from the middle states by driving south along the Richelieu River, through Lake Champlain, and down the Hudson River (Banes and Charles Royster, 94-99). To resist Burgoynes movement, George Washington with newly formed Continental Army rushed reinforcements north to Philip Schuyler and Horatio Gates, plot of land keeping his remaining force in New Jersey where he could defend

Its on Shunsuke Nakamure the Japanese soccer player Research Paper

Its on Shunsuke Nakamure the Japanese soccer player - interrogation Paper Exampleother popular soccer players such as David Beckam and Wyne Rooney among others, who have constantly appeared on leading print and electronic media as a result of behaving poorly in the scrutiny of the existence eye. Beckam and Rooney have in the past attracted multiple sex scandals, which have continued to portray them in a negative manner even though they are soccer celebrities (Fukasawa 2010 p 13).Probably, this has non been the case with Nakamura out-of-pocket to the fact that he is a dedicated family man, who spends his free time with his family. This he accomplishes by accompanying them in nature walks in parks around the city, failure to which he would participate in bowling activities with his in-person friends (Fukasawa 2010 p 16). Drinking of alcohol is considered by many as a major tool for socialization and meeting new friends as hygienic as spending leisure time. However, the soccer gu ru does non lead to this school of thought. Despite the fact that he has the means and access to numerous pubs, it has been observed that he does not participate in drinking activities (Geddes 2009). Instead of doing so, he takes his time away from work to enjoy his hobbies which imply and not limited to playing computer games, watching Japanese movies more so because he is not well skilled in listening or conversing in English. He too plays guitar as well as listening to music and it has also been observed that he is a fan of Kung-fu and horse move (Fukasawa 2010 p 22). Concentration on these activities can be credited for the players lack of media perplexity outside the football pitch and has also enabled him to remain one of the most respected football stars.It is also necessary to note that Nakamura is always keen on observing healthy diet, in order to maintain his health as well as body shape. He perceives eating of fish, chips and drinking as wondering(a) behavior for professional footballers, one that according to him cannot be tolerated and is not popular in his country. He

Integrity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Integrity - move ExampleSome leaders strictly inhabit by this value but some, by versed or external factors, ar led to be swayed into violating ethical and moral codes of conduct and behavior.The most great integrity competency for an organizational leader is acting unvaryingly with principles, value, and beliefs which include those stipulated by policies and principles of the organization because they are expected to abide by the overall goals and interests of various stakeholders who are expected to be governed under these standards. For a governmental leader, the integrity competency of keeping promises is paramount because they had been voted by the public to serve through advocacies and political platform which had been formed and communicated through plan of action and promises of performance. Finally, a spiritual leader is expected to abide by the integrity competency of telling the truth based on religious doctrines and teachings of the faith so that their followers w ould be enjoined to practice what they preach.I strongly believe that since one has developed personal values and interests, it would naturally be exuded and adhered to in whatever scenario, setting, or role that one assumes in life. Thus, whether one becomes a follower or a leader, the same set of values and interests would be manifested and applied.As a leader, the advice that I would give others to help them stand up for their values and interests would be to develop values that are consistent with moral, ethical and legal standards and to remain steadfast in conforming to these values. By doing so, leaders and followers would be assured that a sense of integrity is maintained and sustained and ones image as a person with integrity would never be

A Trade Environment and the Rights of Patients Dissertation

A Trade Environment and the Rights of Patients - language ExampleRecent free trade agreements have extended extremely generous patent rights to transnational pharmaceutical companies, and have limited access to generic equivalent doses. In the DOHA declaration on TRIPS and Public Health of 2001, states that were members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) guaranteed that when a country is undergoing a public wellness crisis, it is not bound by its patents commitments. A consensus was reached that the provisions in the WTO having to with patents should be interpreted liberally in favour of the patient, and in favour of granting access to essential medicines. In order to circumvent these commitments, bilateral agreements are being forged by developed countries with lesser developed countries where the requirements for intellectual property law outstrip those found in TRIPS. The TRIPS agreement does contain various safeguard mechanisms to protect public health. The two unadorned safeguards are (1) parallel importation, and (2) compulsory licensing. By, its silence, the TRIPS allows countries to import drugs from another country that is selling it at a turn down price. Countries must make domestic legislation in this regard. The US-Singapore Free Trade Agreement, however, is an example of how the US has employed in scare tactics to pressure developing countries not to pass a parallel primal law. Compulsory licensing, on the other hand, permits the government to grant compulsory licenses to particular companies to create generic versions of the drug and arrest a public health crisis.

The Struggle For Indigenous Rights In Latin America Research Paper

The Struggle For Indigenous Rights In Latin America - Research Paper ExampleRacial discrimination and ethnicity have hindered acquisition of well-paying jobs for the natural Latin Ameri ceases. In this regard, some native residents have migrated to urban areas in the quest for better keep standards (Kay 450). Unfortunately, the people who migrate to urban areas secure woefully paying jobs that can non sustain the basic family needs. Apparently, lack of jobs and poor payment has resulted in poor supporting conditions for the indigenous people in Latin America.Most indigenous Latin Americans have no access to quality education. In addition, the existing education system does not reflect the cultural needs of the indigenous population. The cultural structure and beliefs face the danger of extinction. In fact, the emerging generation might not have the privilege to enjoy the rich indigenous culture and ghostly practices.Access to health facilities and services is a great challenge facing the indigenous people in Latin American (Gracey and King 67). The high poverty levels, ignorance, and discrimination have made access to genuine healthcare a challenge to the indigenous people. Many indigenous people die, and others fail to perform chance(a) chores due to illnesses since they cannot access medication.Despite the challenges of education and job opportunities, the present condition of indigenous people Latin Americans are better than in the olden days. Posters and Leon 209, migration to the urban areas by some indigenous people can be applauded for opening new settlements in towns and enlightening the local people on economic matters. In addition, some people have been able to acquire quality education and have secured formal employment. The living standards of the indigenous Latin Americans have changed gradually over the years.

Analyse the role of the Marriage Amendment Act 2002 (Commonwealth) in Essay

Analyse the utilisation of the Marriage Amendment Act 2002 (Commonwealth) in attempting to adress the perceived social problems - Essay ExampleThe sexual union institution as a socially sanctioned union for procreation and child-rearing has been found in all societies, but in widely varying forms. Marriage is sometimes used to establish the legal father of a muliebritys child and vice versa gives the both partners control over the others sexual services, labor and property establishes a joint fund of property for the benefit of children establishes a relationship between the spouses. The most common example of man and wife is treated as the union of one or more men with one or more women. Marriage is usually heterosexual and entails exclusive rights and duties of sexual performance. Prior to all the hoopla somewhat marriage, the society has seemingly established certain norms and practices that govern the act of marriage. Laws are made to preserve marriage and the family as the basic unit of society. Such laws over the years have seen so many changes in order to adapt to the changing attitude in the society. Dissenting opinions have resulted to so many arguments that top dog the laws passed by each country and are equated as a restrictive measure in the marriage act to satirically portray a morally upright society.Yet in this current diaphragm of history when equal rights are commonly fought and granted by the governments, society has also substantially gained a relaxed observance towards the practices that prevailed 25 years ago in the marriage union. Times have changed and society has heavy(p) as a whole thereby certain laws are explored that allow equal treatment of rights and preferences as applied into the laws of marriage. However, theologys have lobbied against a so-called break-up of the covenant that establishes an exclusive marital union in religion as recognized in modern society. Other celebrated unions that are beyond the religious were s ometimes shunned in the last century. Our egalitarian government has given us given us the freedom to involve and practice of our own religion and allowed us to treat

Art and technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Art and engineering - Essay ExampleMany classrooms have highly structured two photography and picture show production or editing. This is through using technology in ordinate to find better ways of helping students to reform their training skills. Pijnappel (2000) points out that educator should find change ways of integrating technology in the classroom in order to help students improve their learning of art skills. This is beca do use of technology in arts is vital as it en fitteds students to meet acceptable standards concerning video production, editing and photo shopping. The impact of digital use has transformed alter artistic activities such as designing, editing, painting and sculpture work into virtual reality. This has highly become recognized in the artistic practices. The use of technology in art and design work such as film production has importantly increased its use in the contemporary society. The digital artists employ varied electronic sources of informati on in producing creative work. It is easier for students to generate acceptable and valuable artistic features through the use of technology. For instance, students can be able to generate valuable work when they display visual art features on a monitor and mathematically translate information into the accepted computer graphics. This is essential because it provide reflect on the way they whitethorn draw, using the pencil and piece of papers, valuable designs. The images displayed on the monitor will be easier to translate on the virtual environment thus increasing the ability for photographing. Technology integration in classrooms has enabled teachers to reach the unavoidable standards of state regarding art study. It has allowed many educators to educate students easily because it makes students understand easily on varied artistic issues. In the contemporary society, many students are nowadays using computer technology for varied activities. This is because technology makes th e work simpler. For instance, students use technology outside their classrooms for varied activities such as playing video games, audition to music, connecting with their friend and other varied activities. Therefore, integrating technology in art classrooms would be beneficial to both students and their educators. Teacher should address the significance of technology in creating varied art features. Integrating technology into varied art programs can be extremely beneficial to students. This is because it can enable students to design perfect shapes and improve their art skills (Braun, Gromling and Bleher, 2005). Providing students with a chance to use technology in designing photographs will be precise useful in improving their drawing skills. Therefore, teachers will educate students on the way to apply technology in video art. For instance, educators can assign students to use computers in designing artistic features. This is essential because it will enable students become fa miliar with the use of technology in designing varied artistic features. problem Statement Art is becoming one of the new literacy subjects that are is more valued in the society. Since the chivalric era, art and design was valued because it donates more revenues to the country. This is through distribution of art collections to various places, which form tourist attraction centers thus, generating revenues to the country. Therefore, incorporating technology in the art classroom is significant because it enables the

Neighbourly Relations Essay Example for Free

Neighbourly Relations EssayExamine the line of merchandise that friendly relations are characterised by friendly quad. Neighbourly relations are an aspect of vivification which affects every single unrivaled of us at some point in our resists. When we look to live somewhere we not only consider the property and general area, still are also unpaired ab forbidden our neighbours. A common question when viewing a property is what are the neighbours like? and the wait on is usually they are really nice whether they are or not But what conveys a p distri plainlyivelyy neighbour? Some people get on with their neighbours but just as many dupet and usually its due to what can appear as trivial disputes. This essay will look at the term friendly distance which plays a huge part in how neighbours move with each some new(prenominal). Many studies have asked the question what makes a good neighbour? and social scientists have make that despite different back grounds or ca lltings the majority of people want the same set of standards from the people living near or around them. People contend to be friendly and be there for each other but at the same time respect each others need for privacy and reserve (Willmott. , cited in Byford, 2009, p. 253). So you have to be friendly but keep your distance at the same time.So how do we do this? Neighbouring relations comes with its own set of offhanded rules. These rules are constantly being portrayed and carried out in our day to day lives subconsciously. A 2004 field of force carried out in Manchester neighbourhoods further shows that this is a widespread practice. Neighbours of various areas demonstrated similar actions and practices of what is expected from neighbours, a common one being that they will chat with their neighbour when they are outside of the house if they see them but wouldnt they wouldnt go in each others house (Harris and Gale, cited in Byford, 2009, p. 55).This type of understanding of what is expected of a neighbour is also echoed in another study where neighbouring is seen as an occasioned activity (Laurier et al. , cited in Byford, 2009, p. 256). This study showed that whilst neighbours can exchange pleasantries quite happily with one another if they graceful in a macrocosm place, they would only directly go to the neighbours house and ring their door cost if there was something specific they wanted of if something was wrong.Although similar studies were carried out in the USA and findings were very much the same as the UK, other countries and cultures can be quite different. In 1970, the anthropologist Stanley Brandes visited Spain to study how modernisation and urbanisation affect small rural communities there. He resided in the village of Becedas and observed the daily life of its residents. What he found there was quite different to the UK, in that neighbours would enter each others houses without rap or a second thought.They introduced themselves imme diately by name and offered their help and went out of their way to make Brandes feel welcome. (Brandes, 1975, cited in Byford, p. 260). But as Brandes resided there longer he came to understand that what appeared at rootage as welcoming and friendly practices, it actually belied a community that in reality was quite mistrusting and vituperative of each other. Privacy was not seen as necessary and someone who required it would be considered rude and impolite. The misfortunate status of the village meant that the villagers relied on each other for daily help with manual labour and other traditional activites.Without each other they felt they couldnt surive even, but this high dependence on each other masked the underlying feeling of distrust they had for each other. But what about when neighbouring goes wrong? As human beings we cant get it right all the time and relations can discriminate down leading to disputes and disagreements. Noisy neighbours is a common complaint and one that is suffered more commonly in overcrowded housing estates where insulation is poor. This in turn leads to a lack of privacy and leads to a neighbours making adjustments indoors their daily life to prevent embarrassment of being overheard.These adjustments can referred to as distancing mechanisms (Bourke, 1994, cited in Byford, p. 266). Such adjustments could accept turning the bed away from the adjoining wall, and other ways of preventing noise from being heard. So although people can do what they like in their own homes, they are expected to take necessary go to minimise what others can hear. Another much more serious example of neighbourly relations going wrong is exhibited within the cases of the murders of Catherine Genovese and James Bulger.Although neighbours assume they offer security to one another and look out for each other (Attwood et all. , cited in Byford, p. 271) the public exposure of both the preceding(prenominal) cases uncovered a massive breakdown in neighb ourly relations. In both cases a mountainous number of residents heard screams, or observed unusual behaviour which left them concerned but they failed to do anything. A number of studies were carried out to study bystander intervention to determine why these people didnt help. unrivalled study carried out showed that if one person helps out then nother may do as well, but people are led by each others actions (Latane and Darley, cited in Byford, p. 279) and this was referred to as the bystander takings. In another study by Levine (1999) he found that the percieved relationship between the three boys in the Bulger case led to the reason why no-one intervened. People failed to get involved because they assumed the boys were all brothers and it was secret code to do with them. As neighbours we commonly share a social identity, or even a incorporated identity through our relationship with each other.This shared identity should profer a loyalty to each other as people within a share d group usually stick together. However, it would come out neighbourly relations are alot more complex than merely a shared identity. Neighbouring practices are carried out without thinking within our normal day, and these practices allow us to manage the fine line of private and public space. Neighbourhood life is ordered and defines how people should live together, and go about their daily lives without interfering but also by being there for each other too.

Happening Truth Essay Example for Free

Happening Truth EssayI was wearing white, sparkly Skechers and those pants that swoosh in concert e really time you take a step. Fourth grade was a tough year as my crystalize moved to Proctor Elementary school and hit my awkward stage. I was taller than all my friends and my fat cheeks overwhelmed my face. My self confidence was very low being fairly heavy for my age, I felt as if I had not excelled at anything so far.Gym class was my least favorite class because I was slower than most of the class and the year started with a dreaded test. Sit-ups, push-ups, pull-ups, and the timed mile were in my very near future. After I made it through that week we played games and I most significantly remember playing soccer hockey. After Mrs. Magner chose the teams it was up to us 10 year-olds to choose positions. I had my okay turned to him when he said it.Rachel should be goalie because she is so fat he yelled to the class. I felt my face overcome with hotness and my heart seemed to fall into my stomach. I turned to the rest of the class and looked down at the floor but still felt their eye on my growing body. My eyes began to water but I still took my position in the net.On the bus ride plateful I saw people whispering about the solar days events and when I got off the bus I broke down. My mom tried to comfort me with compliments but I knew those were just things she had to say. School the nigh day was terrifying for me and when I opened my lunch the Yodels were replaced with carrots and dip. It is hard to believe that I was so alter by this event that seems ridiculous to some.I dont hold a grudge against the boy who humiliated me that day but I am actually grateful for the experience. Today I am confident in class and I enjoy going to school with my peers. I am comfortable with my body and dont find out self conscious because I know there are more important things than a simple(a) body type.From that day I learned that others opinions should not affect your personal outlook on life. My baby is in fifth grade and is going through the same stage I experienced so I do my best to relay what I have learned so she never require to fear school or classmates. As a high school junior, I believe I have grasped this concept by becoming involved and improving the outlook I have on myself. Self confidence is so important coming into high school and throughout life so not one person, or minute comment like the one I heard, should interfere with that.

Reinforcement and Employees Essay Example for Free

Reinforcement and Employees EssayQ3. What tools does Walmart do to motivate employees? How big businessman a lack of motivation affect associates and how should film directors respond? take a leak me a W Give me an A Give me an L Give me a squiggly Give me an M Give an A Give me an R Give me a T Whats that spell? Walmart Whose Walmart is it? Its my Walmart Whos number wholeness? The customer Always The swell times continue at Walmart, and so do hard guide and do movement. For more employees, seeing peers satisfyed for a job hearty d iodin proves highly motivational. Executives at Walmart refer to the conjunction as maven big family. There atomic number 18 no grunts or gophers no employee, no conciliateoff how new, is thought of as low person on the totem. According to the companys grant adit policy, all associates ar encouraged to speak freely, share concerns, and express ideas for improving daily operations. In return, they whoremonger expect carriages to treat all discussions fairly with an open mind. The policy is right out of Waltons playbook. listen to your associates, Walton urged. Theyre the best idea generators.The founders wisdom is routinely reaffirmed by the oft-repeated quote that cryptograph constructive happens in Bentonville a reference to Walton headquarters. In Waltons grass roots ethic, local employees are the ones most likely to produce fresh ideas. One significant way managers can meet high motivational needs is to shift power down from the concealment of establishment and share it with employees to enable them to achieve goals. Empowerment is power sharing, the delegation of power or authority to subordinates in an organization. Increasing employee motivation for problem accomplishment beca occasion masses improve their own effectiveness, choosing how to do a task and using their creativity. Empowerment is one way managers promote self- reinforcement and self- efficacy, as defined in the discussion of affable information.Empowering employees involves giving them quatern elements that enable them to act more freely accomplish their jobs randomness write outledge, power, and rewards. First of all, employees receive in watchword formation virtually company performance. In companies where employees are fully empowered, all employees have access to all financial and practicable information. Secondly, employees have knowledge and skills to contribute to company goals. Companies use training programs and other development tools to facilitate the great unwashed acquire the knowledge and skills they need to contribute to organisational performance. The third motivation is employees have the power to bring on substantive decision. Empowered employees have the authority to pullally influence work procedures and organizational performance, such as through quality circles or self- directed work teams. And last but non least, employees are rewarded establish on company performanc e. Organizations that empower workers a lot reward them based on the results shown in the companys arsehole line. Organizations may also use other motivational compensation programs described in demo 16.8 to tie employee efforts to company performance.Exhibit 16.8Many of todays organizations are implementing empowerment programs, but they are empowering workers to varying degrees. At some companies, empowerment means encouraging workers idea while managers retain lowest authority for decisions at others it means giving employees almost complete freedom and power to make decisions and deterrent example initiative and imagination. Current methods of empowerment fall along a continuum, as illustrated in exhibit 16.9 . The continuum runs from occurrence in which front- line workers have almost no discretion, such as on a traditionalistic assembly line, to full empowerment, where workers even participate in formulating organizational strategy.Exhibit 16.9Perhaps the most chief(p renominal) things managers can do to enhance organizational chat and dialogue can encourage people to guide honestly with one another. Subordinates will feel free to transmit controvert as well as prescribed message to managers without fear of retribution. Efforts to develop inter in the flesh(predicate) skills among employees can also foster openness, honesty, and trust. Second, managers should develop and use formal communication channels in all direction. Scandinavian Designs uses two newsletters to reach employees. Dana Holding grass developed the Here a Thought board- called a HAT rack- to get ideas and feedback from workers. Other techniques include direct mail, bulletin boards, blogs, and employee surveys. Third, managers should encourage the use of multiple channels including both formal and informal communications. Multiple communication channels include written directives, face- to- face discussions, and the grapevine. For example, managers at GMs Packard Electric pla nt use multimedia, including a monthly newspaper, frequent meeting of employees teams and an electronic news display in the cafeteria. Sending messages through multiple channels increases the likelihood that they will be properly true.Fourth, the structure should fit communication needs. An organization can be designed to use teams, task forces, project managers, or matrix structure as needed to facilitate the horizontal flow of information for coordination and problem solving. Structure should also reflect information need. When team or department task are difficult, a decentralized structure should be implement to encourage discussion and participation. Empowerment is the process of distributing decision-making power throughout an organization. It is a process which enables employees to set personal work goals, make minor decisions and to solve conflicts by using their personal authority. Team Bonuses, in situations in which employees should cooperate with each other and isolati ng employee performance is more difficult, companies are change magnitudely resorting to tying employee pay to team performance. For example, in 2007, Wal-Mart gave bonuses to around 80% of their associates based on store performance. If employees have a just ability to influence their teams performance level, these programs may be effective.One way Wal-Mart facilitates appraise for an individual is through an open-door policy that allows employees of all levels to communicate with managers in higher levels of the company. This open-door policy is also a way of keeping unions from forming in the company. The philosophy is that when employees have avenues for expressing their complaints and problems, there will be no power to have union representatives (Cray, 2000 Slater, 2003). However, people may question how effective this policy is, because employees fluent attempt to form unions. Walton also believed in the importance of having a clear flow of communication with his workers , claiming that the more information they received the harder they would work for him. The more they know, the more theyll understand, he said. The more they understand, the more theyll care. Once they care, theres no waiveping them. To Walton, the free flow of information between him and his workers demonstrated the trust and respect he had for them. Without that trust, Walton felt up he could not succeed. Information is power, and the gain you get from empowering your associates more than offsets the risk of informing your competitor, he said.For Walton, the bottom line was to appreciate his workers and to make them feel valued. He knew that a paycheck and stock options alone would not guarantee loyalty or hard work. Instead, he realized the importance of making sure his workers knew they were appreciated. nought else can quite substitute for a few well-chosen, well-timed, sincere words of praise, he said. Theyre absolutely free and worth a fortune. By having motivated and loy al employees, Walton could then use them as his recondite weapon. The folks on the front lines the ones who actually talk to the customer are the wholly ones who really know whats going on out there, he said. By listening to his workers and their ideas, Walton could stay on top of his game This really is what total quality is about. Listen to everyone in your practice/team. Obviously your team is a lot smaller than Wal-Mart, but Sams tactic of figuring out ways to get front line people talking holds true for advisors.You can gain a lot of insight into your clients, and it will help strengthen relationships with support personnel. And yes, listen to your clients too. continuous communication is the most important thing to remember. Change commonly causes fear about different things. Communication must be very open, honest and encouraging. It also has to dream up all the parties involved in the change. Happy employees mean happy customers. Walton admitted that initially he was s o selfish and did not perish good pay to his employees. But eventually he realized that he should give a larger payment to his employees because they are considered as business partners. According to Walton, who treated the way counselling is the same business partner in a way that applied to the consumer. If the business partner treats their customers well then the consumer will come again and again therein lies the advantage and business success.Walton also often visited his shop and asked for their opinions, especially employees who are on the front lines, those who actually faced and talking with customers, as people who know the real situation on the ground. Managements number one goal with their employees is to make working at Wal-Mart fun and reward. They even have their own cheer to boost associates morale and organizational spirit (Wal-Mart, 2008). Whos Wal-Mart? It is my Wal-Mart (Wal-Mart, 2008). This is the type of leadership styles that all organizations need to use . This style makes employees want to come to work everyday and they feel secure knowing that they are working for a great organization. Wal-Mart is like one big family and like to make their associates feel like they are an important part of keeping the doors open for everyone.If Walmart this organization are lack of motivation itll affects associates also called employees. Lack of motivation equates to less work be accomplished. Productivity does not dissolve it is usually transferred to aspects not related to the organizations work. Things like personal conversations, Internet surf or taking longer lunches cost the organization time and money. Reduced productivity can be detrimental to an organizations performance and future success. Low employee motivation could be due to decreased success of the organization, negative effects from the economy or drastic changes or uncertainty within the organization. No matter what the cause, having the repute of having an virulent work envi ronment due to low employee motivation will ultimately impact how exist and potential clients or partners view working with an organization. A reputation can precede an organization and prescribe its future in the industry.The reinforcement approach employee motivation sidesteps the issue of employee needs and thinking processes described in the content and process theories. Reinforcement theory simply looks at the relationship between demeanor and its consequences. It focuses on changing or modifying employees on the-job bearing through the appropriate use of immediate rewards and penalizations. Behavior qualifying is the name given to the set of techniques by which reinforcement theory is used to modify human way. The base assumption underlying behavior modification is the law of effect, which states that behavior that is positively reinforced tends to be repeated, and behavior that is not reinforced tends not to be repeated. Reinforcement is defined as anything that cause s a certain behavior to be repeated or inhibited. The four reinforcement tools are positive reinforcement, stay offance learning, punishment, and extinction, as summarized in exhibit16.6Positive reinforcement is the administration of a pleasant and rewarding consequence following a in demand(p) behavior, such as praise for an employee who arrives on time or does a little extra work. research shows that positive reinforcement does help to improve performance. Moreover, nonfinancial reinforcement such as positive feedback, social recognition, and attention are just as effective as financial incentives. One study of employees at fast- food drive- thru windows, for example, found that performance feedback and supervisor recognition had a significant effect on increasing the incidence of up- selling or asking customers to increase their order. Montage Hotels resorts, known for its culture of gracious stock-still humble service, uses a variety of employee recognition programs to posit ively reinforce employees for providing exceptional service. CEO Alan J. Fuerstman says its undecomposable psychology. People commit more acts of kindness when they are appreciated for them. Avoidance learning is the removal of an unpleasant consequence once a behavior is improved, theory encouraging and strengthening the desired behavior. Avoidance learning is sometimes called negative reinforcement.The idea is that people will change a specific behavior to avoid the undesired result that behavior provokes. As a simple example, a supervisor who constantly reminds or nags an employee who is goofing off on the factory floor and stops the nagging when the employee stops goofing off is pass oning avoidance learning. penalisation is the imposition of unpleasant effects on an employee. Punishment typically occurs following hateful behavior. For example, a supervisor may berate an employee for performing a task incorrectly. The supervisor expects that the negative outcome will serve as a punishment and reduce the likelihood of the behavior recurring. The use of punishment in organization is controversial and often criticized because it fails to indicate the correct behavior. However, almost all managers report that they find it necessary to occasionally recruit forms of punishment ranging from verbal reprimands to employee suspensions or firings.Extinction is the withholding of a positive reward. Whereas with punishment, the supervisor imposes an unpleasant outcome such as a reprimand, extinction involves withholding praise or other positive outcomes. With extinction, un delectable behavior is essentially ignored. The idea is that behavior that is not positively reinforced will gradually disappear A New York Times reporter wrote a humorous article about how she learned to stop nagging and instead use reinforcement theory to shape her husbands behavior after(prenominal) studying how professionals train animals. When her husband did something she liked such as throw a dirty clothe in the hamper, she would use positive reinforcement, thanking him or giving him a hug and a kiss. Undesirable behaviors, such as throwing dirty clothes on the floor, on the other hand, were simply ignored, applying the principle of extinction.Reward and punishment motivational practices based on the reinforcement theory dominate organizations. According to the Society for Human resource Management, 84 percent of all companies in the United States offer some type of monetary or non- monetary reward system, and 69 percent offer incentive pay, such as bonuses, bases on an employees performance. However, in other studies, more than 80 percent of employers with incentive programs have reported that their programs are only somewhat successful or working at all. Despite the testimonies of organizations that enjoy successful incentive programs, chiding of these carrot- and- stick methods is growing, as discussed in the Managers Shoptalk. If rewards and motivation are failed to fulfill the employees the manager of Walmart should apply some positive reinforcement in order to safe the situation. Positive reinforcement is the practice of rewarding desirable employee behavior in order to strengthen that behavior.For example, when you praise an employee for doing a good job, you increase the likelihood of him/her doing that job very well again. Positive reinforcement both shapes behavior and enhances an employees self-image. Recognizing and rewarding desirable employee behavior is the essential key to motivating employees to work more productively. This method will reap many benefits, first it clearly defines and communicates expected behaviors and strengthens the connection between high performance and rewards. It reinforces an employees behavior promptly after learning a new technique and promotes quick, thorough learning. It motivates effective workers to continue to do good work. Lack of reinforcement leads to job dissatisfaction. It increases p roductivity by rewarding workers who conserve time and materials. Employees who are rewarded after they successfully perform feel self-confident and become eager to learn new techniques, take march on training, and accept more responsibility.Rewarding employees who suggest improved work procedures will produce more foot if you create a relaxed work environment, reward new ideas and tolerate innovative failures. Employees who receive recognition for their achievements are more enthusiastic about their work, more cooperative, and more open to change. Besides that, when you show appreciation and reward employees for good work, youll be able to increase their job commitment and organizational loyalty. In conclusion, giving positive reinforcement does not mean that what is make incorrectly by an employee is to be ignored. Instead, it means to recognize what mete out of the work was done correctly first, then follow-up with what can be done better the adjacent time and why the perfo rmance or work result was not quite what was expected.If this means the manager must take some of the blame for not giving detailed instructions for the desired behavior or result, they should do so in an apologetic manner and then proceed to explain how the manager personally will try to do better. This is an excellent time for the manager to let the employee know they still have faith in them but need their help and cooperation by their asking questions if the managers instructions are not clear. This allows both the employee and manager to get better at communication, which results in improved task completion. look on mangers need to give positive results first, then follow-up with what improvements are needed, apologize if necessary, and then reinforce what was done right again. When working the improvement or follow-up statement do not use the word but as this word often negates anything said before it and the employee may stop listening as they know a negative is coming next.

Why Is the Initial Consultation Important Essay Example for Free

Why Is the Initial denotation Important EssayIn this essay I intend to discuss why an initial citation is so important, before delivering any hypnotherapy to a new thickening. I also will look at the honest factors a healer should cover at the time of the initial quotation. Prior to any manikin of hypnotherapy with a new leaf node a reput equal to(p) therapist would want to look at untold almost the person that has presented before them. This would be done with an initial denotation. It could be said that this initial audience would be free of charge and last around half(prenominal) an hour. Some however, would say that you atomic number 18 giving half an hour of your time free of charge. Although my thoughts ar that it would clear up clearer sense to not charge as a client would not feel that their time with a therapist was being wasted by a therapist just asking questions. (Although how this was advertised should be looked into very care to the full as stated in (module 3 worksheet), the words free consultations? could be open to misinterpretation were the words free initial consultation is clearer and states exactly what is offered). in that respect are a number of aims of the initial consultation. The most obvious reason for this would be to give the chance to meet a client face to face.Also a therapist would at this time be able to ensure that the client would benefit from hypnotherapy and indeed that hypnotherapy is the regenerate cover of serve for that individual case. Also this gives the opportunity to gather as much assureation as possible nigh the prospective clients and the reason they have decided to undertake hypnotherapy. It is important that the reasons they are there are fully understood for example someone that wishes to transgress smoking must have an incentive to why they are seeking hypnotherapy to champion them quit. This should be investigated fully are they there because people are nagging them to stop? Are they there because they themselves have reasons to want to stop? maybe they see smoking as unsanitary for them and those around them partner, children etc. The therapist should always dig deeper perhaps find out if there are anytimes that they supergrass much cigarettes. It could be that when that person gets stressed for a particular reason they smoke more as away of dealing with it.This will influence the hypnotic suggestion during the therapy. A suggestion is a communication by the hypnotist to the subject and, as with any communication it is mean to alter the recipients feelings, thoughts and behaviour in a specified way.(Pg 3, Heap Dryden.) During this the therapist coffin nail also discover the reason why the client has thought that hypnotherapy will help them. In summing up the therapist is also establishing if they themselves have the skills to help the client. A therapist would also have the opportunity during this consultation to gather other information such as me dications? Are they on medication if so what and what is it for. Perhaps they suffer from depression With such a condition it would be prudent if this has not already been seek to gain the permission of their doctor before a course of treatment commences. (This of course depends upon the skills and experience of the therapist. in that respect are some mental illnesses that should not be treated by hypnotherapy such as Bi-polar disorders etc(Heap and Dryden) There are other conditions and illnesses that could also present an issue with using hypnotherapy as a treatment and over again would probably need permission from a Dr before any commencement of treatment. Modality an individuals modality back also be assessed at this time this would help with the selection of an appropriate entitle of screed for any treatment. There are many other avenues of questioning during this initial consultation. However, I would like us to assume that we have followed all lines of question that we f eel appropriate during the initial consultation and all is rise and a therapist decides that the client will benefit from hypnotherapy. Let us also assume that the client has presented to us with a very low self esteem issue For the purpose of this Essay and descriptive demonstration we shall call our client Jane.During the initial consultation it was established that Jane is going for a new commercial enterprise that would mean a promotion and more responsibility and to her surprise she managed to get the chisel because it is with her existing employer and her speedy old geezer recommended her for the new post. Jane however feels she is not capable of fulfilling the new design and feels more secure doing what she is doing right now as she knows that job inside out and is nice at it. The new job has more responsibility and she would also be in charge of other members of staff. During the consultation it was established that Jane feels that she is not much good atanything. Wha t Jane has shown a therapist is that she has learnt this behaviour from somewhere? A little bit of jab into her past may establish why Jane feels this way. This sort of feeling is trapped within the sub advised consciousness and is brought across to her conscious mind. During further questioning it is established that Jane when she was younger was the middle child of three. Her parents would show more attention to the other children and praise them for achievements more than they would Jane.Jane recalls them saying on many occasions that she is useless and should be more like her siblings as she wont amount to anything This has presented Jane with a negative belief in her subconscious that in turn has made her believe that she is indeed useless. With the prospect of the new job role and promotion she believes she wont be able to do the new role. Despite her current boss believing she can. Janes conscious mind is hearing her boss say you would be ideal for the job therefore we have a conflict. We now thanks to the initial consultation know where we should begin to help Jane with her self-esteem. To work with the positive aspects such as her bosses confidence in her and the fact that she herself admits to being good at her present job. It can be safely assumed that Jane was not born doing that job and indeed had to learn to do it.Also to work at the root or the negative beliefs she has that where placed into her subconscious by her parents during her childhood experiences. None of this could have been achieved if we did not have an initial consultation. Had Jane had just come along to a therapist and said I have low self-esteem. The Therapist says ok Now close your eye Well nothing would be achieved unless a total fluke. Therefore this demonstrates the importance of the initial consultation. An ethical Therapist during this consultation would also look at other factors while deciding if a course of hypnotherapy will benefit and what course of action to take. A client that presented to you although had unrealistic expectations. This is a client who would differently be a good subject for treatment, but has the view that Hypnotherapy is a magic cure all. A patient such as this may seek hypnosis as a form of treatment because he has already tried a series of unsuccessful therapies. He is looking for something quick and easy.Even though hypnosis often works more rapidly than other forms of treatment, it cannot be expected to accomplish the impossible. (pg 280 Hypnosis for remove Hadley and Staudacher) To inform a client thateverything is possible when it would not be would be a lie and would shadow interrogative sentence on the ethics of a therapist. An example would be a therapist that is presented with a client and the client wants a therapist to get rid of the strong feelings she has for her ex boyfriend and believes that the therapist can make her hate him rather than love him. This would be impossible. Even if during hypnosis the cli ent did hate her ex boyfriend it would not be possible to continue into waking Hypnosis and this is due to a separation between our subconscious and our conscious minds this is known as the CCF (Conscious Critical Faculty) The CCF is a sort of filter.For example I could say that the grass is red-hot but you actually know it is not blue it is indeed green. That is because your conscious mind has the ability to be critical of suggestion therefore I could say the grass is Blue until I was blue in the face. You however, would know it was Green. Although I could suggest this under hypnosis and you would probably think the grass was blue until you where no daylong under hypnosis because youre conscious mind and the CCF would say once again it is Green. Therefore we could not change or do the impossible and it would be totally un-ethical to even attempt to proclaim to be able to do this just to secure a client. The most important ethical consideration a therapist should bare mind to is t o be realistic with the therapists own ability as to take on something that clearly is beyond the therapists skills or remit could lead to MISAPPLICATIONThat is using the wrong treatment stemming largely from bankruptcy to diagnose correctly during the initial consultation. For example, A common request for anyone who employs hypnotic techniques in therapy, is for help of inveterate pain, pain suppression or pain management and increased tolerance is readily achieved with a good proportion of people who make such a request. The potential then exists for the sufferer to learn to hide the symptom of the disorder which if progressive or life threatening, may place him or her in danger- at least of not seeking appropriate diagnosis and treatment until the disorder is too advanced to be treated. (pg 187 Heap and Dryden).Therefore if the therapist is using a good ethical practice during the initial consultation He or She will know their limitation and abilities. Other ethical issues tha t should be adhered to not scarce at the time of the initial consultation are laid out by the interior(a) Hypnotherapy companionship and to cover some of these in brief. That a therapist should not holddiscrimination towards anyone based upon their Religion, gender, sexuality, politics, disability, age, matrimonial status. It is important that when a client asks a question pertaining to their treatment and their goals that a therapist replys the question as fully and accurately as possible if an answer is not known then to make something up would be a big mistake that could hold serious consequences.Therefore a therapist should seek to find an accurate answer. This would not undermine the clients faith in a therapist if done correctly. For example that is something I would have to investigate further however I should have an answer for you in a day or two perhaps I could call you or we can speak at our next session. No lies have been told and the client is still happy. An Ethi cal practice puts the clients benefit at the forefront and offers a service with respect, dignity and understanding. (Code of Ethics the National Hypnotherapy Society).Bibliography.Hypnosis for Change. 3rd edit. Hadley and Staudacher.Hypnotherapy (a handbook) Heap and Dryden.National Hypnotherapy society (code of ethics)British association of counsellors and psychotherapists (code of Ethics)

Fundamentals of Research Essay Example for Free

Fundamentals of Research EssayThis paper will discuss the connection between scientific methods and look for in the human armed services region. By comparing and contrasting, qualitative and quantitative interrogation as well as the describing steps involved in scientific method is answered using down-to-earth examples that may be engrossd in the human service field. The pros and cons of the mixed methods be identified are relevant in the human service environment.The scientific order and Human ServicesA scientific method is pick outd a scientific approach to research and mainly depends on empirical conclude which discusses the use of combining logic and the use of careful observation and measurement that is accessible to other researchers (Rosnow Rosenthal, 2008, p. 20). In other words, scientific method is a method to gather information, conduct an experiment, and produce a hypothesis. Researchers use the info from different sources, such as a survey, questionnaire , interview, or polls to formulate hypothesis or an educated guess). Descriptive, relational, and experimental research can be utilize in the human services field. For example, descriptive research consists of researching how things are.Relational researching puffs how things are in relation to other things. Experimental research is a confederacy of descriptive and relational research (Rosnow Rosenthal, 2008, p. 20). The hypothesis is a base for discovering who did what and why. For example, researchers in the human services field can use descriptive research to look at the characteristics of an alcoholic teenager. They may also reduce on how it may affect the teenagers relationships with others, behavior, performance in shoal, and obtaining, and maintaining his or her first job. Scientific methods are valuable assets within the human service and related fields because the method helps determine unseas cardinald and improved ways to assist a client with his or her crisis.Step s in the Scientific MethodThe steps included in scientific methods are identifying research, reviewing literature, specifying a purpose for the battleground, selective information collection, analyze orinterpret the collection of data, as well as report and evaluate the research (Creswell, 2008). For example, impart factors in a students low-down performance in school.Step 1 Identifying the researchA student has poor performance in school.Step 2 Reviewing literature.Select and research the statistics have contributing factors that lead to the poor performance in school.Step 3 Specifying the purpose for the study.Students poor performance is because of unexpected circumstances.Step 4 Data CollectionApproximately 25% of students in school encounter uncontrollable circumstances before and during a short letter of study.Step 5 Analyzing or interpret DataPoor performance may be due to financial, mental, emotional, or physical difficulties.Step 6 Report and Evaluate results of Resear chThe research has found that the poor performance before and during a course of study is typically among students who are affected by one or more of the above instances. This occurs in about 100 out of 500 students.Quantitative and qualitative ResearchQuantitative researchers decide what is essential to study by asking specific or constricted questions by the collection of numerical data from participants. For example, the 25% of students display interdict affects through some sort of difficulty during at least one course of study. Qualitative research relies on the opinion through answers to general questions during data collection from participants. This occurs when researchers describe and analyze these words for premise and conducts theinquiry in a subjective, biased manner (Creswell, 2008, p. 46). The determining factors instruction on deciding what type of research to use, such as the type of problem, the audience, and personal experiences. Most students describe the poor p erformance as frustrating and overwhelming. Some students may begin to cry or dope off eye contact during the interviewing process.MethodologyMethodologies suggest how inquiries are formed by demonstrating problems worth investigating, how to frame a problem, how to develop suitable creation of data collection, and how to make the logical link between them (Jackson, 2007, p. 23). Combining two forms of data uses quantitative or qualitative data to gain more improved understanding of a research problem than each one separately. Qualitative research data typically comes from field go away (Morse, 2005). Collected data is through interviews, direct observation, and create verbally documents. Morse states that data from an interview is the participants exact words relating to his or her experience, opinions, feelings, and knowledge (Morse, 2005). The observation of data is gathered from the behavior of the participant. Some examples of written documents are correspondence, questionn aires, and surveys.Mixed Method ResearchA mixed methods research design is a performance for collecting, analyzing, and mixing both quantitative and qualitative research and other methods in a single study to understand a research problem (Creswell, 2008, p. 552). Sometimes qualitative research data is also used during mixed methods (Caracelli Greene, 1993). To study a larger spectrum, combing multiple methods is feasible. Triangular design, embedded design, explanatory design, and exploratory design are just a few examples of mixed method research.ConclusionWhen the human service professional uses scientific method, they typically use empirical reasoning to explain the results of data collection.Scientific research helps human service professionals identify trends and indifferences among clients to enhance the quality of his or her life. The research also suggests methods to suppress the negative outcomes in the lives of the clients and their family. This is done by using qualit ative data using numbers and quantitative data collection using personal experiences, surveys, or polls.ReferencesCaracelli, V. J., and Greene, J.C.(1993). Data Analysis Strategies for Mixed-Method Evaluation Designs. Educational Evaluation and polity Analysis. 15(2) Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational research Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson/ Merrill Prentice Hall. Jackson, R. L., Drummond, D. K., Camara, S. (2007). What Is Qualitative Research?.Qualitative Research Reports In Communication, 8(1), 21-28. doi10.1080/17459430701617879Morse, J. M. (2005). Qualitative research. In Carl Mitcham (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics (pp. 1557-1559). Detroit, MI Macmillan Reference USA. Rosnow, R. L., Rosenthal, R. (2008). Beginning behavioral research A conceptual primer (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Paternalism and individualism Essay Example for Free

Paternalism and personism quizPaternalism is a Latin word, which is emanates from the Latin word pater meaning father. Therefore it refers to the patriarchy arrangement pattern that a is depicted in a family where there is figurehead who most times is the father who takes the sole tariff of making decisions on behalf of others who includes the wife and children. The decisions are made by the figurehead for the good of the wife and children unheeding of their desires. (Sartorius, R 145)The father head in this situation is regarded the wisest and the decision he makes is made to the exceed lodge in of the rest whom he assumes the role of protector. The term is normally applied in a derogatory guidance especially in political and social systems to imply that the system is characterized by the deprivation of other peoples individual freedoms and responsibility and serves the interest of that particular system without due regard to the individuals being governed. (Sartorius, R 153)By translation therefore paternalism is defined as Paternalism is the interference of a evoke or an individual with another person, against their will, and reassert by a claim that the person interfered with will be better off or defend from harm. (Gerald Dworkin). Individualism as a term on the other hand is al government agencys used to render independence of an individual. The individual in this case is at liberty to conduct his/her own life in a way that best suits him/her provided it does not interfere with someone elses life.Individualism stresses the need for self-confidence and opposes any form of external interference whether by society the enunciate or any authorities authority. .(Gerald Dworkin). Individualism in most cases is opposed to any form of communal, societal, group system that advocates for the prioritization of national goals preferably of individual goals. Paternalism was very important to Britain in the 18th century when the Britain constitutiona l changed for two fundamental reasons. These was because the organisation thought it was its first responsibility to make sure that everyone was protected against the interests of the state.The community was to bend the only way by which individuals would realize their potential and advance it. The labor party was formed to protect the citizens against anything that would frustrate their potential. snoot of reclaims was formed to protect the citizens from any abuse of power by any public institution that touches their lives. (Feinberg, J 47) Through paternalism implementation of freedom of information act was created to better communication between the government and the right for citizens to know whats happening around the government.During the 18th century individuals freedom had guaranteed them security, with the state giving them health care, education and their well being advanced when the state delivered entitlement for the individuals, but later the state and community b ecame one thing and the individuals saw themselves less(prenominal) as passive beneficiaries of the benefits of the government. (Feinberg, J 49) Later the individuals had less freedom and were not recognized as part of the community. Paternalism brought together the citizens while the individuals always wanted the best for themselves.They always thought almost themselves and not the society. (Gerald Dworkin) Paternalism was also important because it ensured the individual needs are protected against the state. It was everyones burden to ensure that the governments responsibilities are accounted for. Socialists were recognized in the society and became watchdogs for the individuals who would become hostile to any change or kind of reform. Paternalism was very important as it provided healthcare, security and training of individuals.No matter how rich the individual were some problems always required the attention of the community. A general interest for all was always required and especially public interest for community not for individuals. Paternalism brought about concern for everyone even beyond the immediate family members and was always responsible for the societys values. Paternalism in Britain, came into discriminating focus during the period of the industrial revolution when individuals discarded the old agrarian ways and started adopting the urban close where the survival was for the fittest (Sartorius, R 156)

The law of equity Essay Example for Free

The police force of equity EssayBy the end of the 13th century, the central authority had launch its precedence at least partly through the establishment of the green law. The Courts of Exchequer was a flirt originally dealing with disputes involving revenue, taxation and revenue laws. The Court of Common Pleas was where pleas between subject and subject were brought. And the Kings remove heard actions to which the King was a party.The common law however, had a number of defects. The inflexibility of the writ dust appeared to tame to injustice because matters that were not deep down the scope of writes recognized by the common law were dismissed. Further more, the common law did not recognize rights in the property other than those of strict legal ownership. Nor did it recognize guarantor for loans (mortgages) or the right of third parties in general. The common law courts had no power of enforcement. Also, it did not fall by the wayside any form of oral evidence.The only remedy provided by the common law were damages, which were inappropriate in certain cases. This led to injustice and the need to remedy the perceived weaknesses in the common law system. The more general a rule, the less likely it is to do justice in all the particular cases to which it applies. Moreover, an strain to construct in advance the qualifications to the rule necessary to do justice in all cases would lead to a system of rules too complex, even if all the problems could be foreseen.The Court of Chancery emerged as a solution to the common problems faced by the common law system by administering the law of equity. legal proceeding before the Chancellor were simple, and were in other respects advantageous when compared with the proceedings of the common law courts. Plaintiffs uneffective to obtain access to the three common law courts would turn for help to the Chancellor. Moreover, the Chancellor developed some(prenominal) remedies which were not available in other courts, most notably injunction, precise process, recessions and rectifications.Other improvements made by equity are the imploration of additional obligations on an individual while recognizing his or her rights at common law. By accepting that a trustee is the legal owner of property while requiring the individual to hold it usefulness of another.fairness is concerned with individual justice. Therefore, it is only available at the discretion of the court. Also, this means that anyone who seeks equitable remedies must(prenominal) not themselves be guilty of misconduct in the case.The division between the common law courts and the Courts of Equity were eventually combined under the Judicature Acts 1873-1875. Matters of both law and equity is now determined in the course of one set of proceedings if there is any conflict between rules or law and rules of equity, the latter are to prevail.Injunction is as an order that prevents a person from performing or go on to perform a part icular act. In the case of Kennaway Vs. Thompson, the plaintiff sought an injunction to restrain a motor boat racing club from committing nuisance by excessive noise. The Court of Appeal allow the injunction, holding that the rights of the plaintiff shouldnt be overridden by the interest of the club or the general public. In considering whether to yield an injunction or damages in lieu under Lord Chairns Act, the public interest does not prevail over private rights. In this case, damages wouldnt leave satisfied the plaintiffs private rights.Specific performance is an order that requires a person to perform or continue to perform a particular act. In the case of Jones Vs. Lipman, the defendant entered into a binding contract to sell some land to the plaintiff. After the involvement of the contract, the defendant changed his mind, and sought to avoid specific performance by selling the land to a follow acquired by him solely for this purpose and controlled by him. While specific performance would not normally have ordered against a vendor who no longer owned the property, here the defendant was still in a condition to complete the contract, because the company was a sham in an attempt to avoid identification by equity. Thus, specific performance was decreed against the vendor and the company.Recession is an order that returns parties to contractual agreement to the position they were in before the agreement was entered into. CooperVs.Phibbs, Phibbs was the legal owner and trustee of land which, unknown to every party, belonged in equity to Cooper. Phibbs improved the land and agreed to let it to Cooper. On discovering the facts, Cooper sought to upset the letting agreement. The House of Lords held that, subject to a lien for Phibbss expenditure, it should be set aside. If parties contract under a mutual mistake and misapprehension as to their relative and respective rights, the result is that agreement is liable to be set aside as having proceeded upon a common mistake.Rectification is an order that relates to the alteration, under extremely express mail circumstances, of contractual documents. In A.Roberts and Co. Ltd. vs. Leicestershire County Council, the plaintiffs had undertaken to build a school for the defendants. The agreement provided that the school should be completed within the period of 18 months, but the officers of the Council altered the period to 30 months in the draft contract without qualification it clear to the company. The company signed the contract without noticing the change, and one of the defendants officials was aware of the mistake. Rectification was ordered.In conclusion, equity has greatly ameliorated the common law system. Various forms of remedies other than damages have been made available under specific circumstances such as, injunction, recessions, rectifications and specific performance.However, in most instances there are differences between the operation of law and equity rather than conflic t. For example, different remedies may be available in respect of what both systems realise to be wrong. In respect of a nuisance, damages and injunction come into conflict.BibliographyGary Slapper David Kelly, The English well-grounded System 6th Edition.M.L Barron R.J.A Fletcher, Fundamentals of Business Law 4th Edition. Helena Wray.Smith, Bailey Gunn, unexampled English court-ordered System, 4th Edition, London Sweet Maxwell.Brenda Barrett, Principles of Business Law, Helena Wray.Paul Latimer, Business Law, 1988 Edition, CCIT Editorial Staff.Clive Turner, Australian commercialized Law, 22nd Edition, LBC Information Services 1999.www.lectlaw.com/files/lws65.htmJill E. Martin, Hanbury Martin Modern Equity 14th Ed, London Sweet Maxwell Ltd. 1993.Jill E. Martin, Hanbury Martin Modern Equity 13th Ed, London Sweet Maxwell Ltd. 1993.

Samuel Coleridge The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay Example for Free

Samuel Coleridge The Rime of the Ancient Mariner EssayIn the history of antediluvian poets, there emerged great writers who correlated the underpinning lifestyles on social life they believed in. Merited information on their committal to writing remains tangible and historical based to disseminate the realities of many beliefs and conducts made in different scenarios bulk found themselves in. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is one of the longest poems in writing history indite by Samuel Coleridge in 1798 (Rubasky, 1). Ideas of sin, penance, and buyback ar de nonable from this poem in relation to the ancient approaches of acts of sin, the encountering of the sinners, and the relatable redemption subsequently several befalling of scenarios as discussed in this study. Intensity and consequences of the victim are elaborative in this study to bring light up on the reality of religion and traditional perspectives of this ancient community. People may enter into an erroneous e mplacement just after a prolonged happiness whereby things seemed to run seamlessly. A situation where people are undergoing joy of perfection due to past or current situation does not sanctify the single-valued function as repel from notional blink of an eyes occurring. As Mariner interrupts the wedding progression, the commencement of his story seams enticing as stated by Coleridge,The Wedding-Guest sat on a stoneHe cannot choose but harkenAnd thus spake on that ancient man,The bright-eyed Mariner (20).Human beings have a tendency of being carried away by merry moments, which leads to misconception due to filled anxiety. It is therefore upon this anxiety where people bear on themselves in overdoing things and pay back them go astray. As the Couch writes on Coleridges argument, everything for the piloting journey seemed profound until the ship pass the line (30). Storm-blast reigned in tyrannous character and immense strength, hitting the ship, and changing its sail-way t o South Pole. Forced to flash-frozen land with idoliseful sounds and no sign of living things, Albatross sea-bird, indentified as a bird of good omen Christian soul came along and was served hospitably (75). Due to repeated guidance and reliance of viands and play to the sailors, the ancient sea dog mistook and shot the bird to death. Fellow shipmates cried out, aroused by the act considered taboo, the mariner sinned, he did not solve the stormy issue but instead the wind blew continuously. Until the ceasing of mist and the try of glorious sun, the shipmates accomplice the crime of killing an innocent, bird of good luck. Regarding this reality, people used assumptions and diverse views on sin fealty and could not indentify the exact act that could predominately refer to sin.Some seemed to honor their Supreme graven image as they viewed the bird as an amicable messenger of Him yet failed on supporting the mariners killing of Albatross. Numerous religious artifacts have proved that when people involve themselves in wrongdoing, the vengeful moment has to follow. It is a factual ideology that started in ancient days whereby people are bound by ethical fundamentals, which govern the code of conduct in everyday life. Good things are relatable to not mischievous while bad or harmful things, physically and emotionally, are relatable to sinning. Moreover, as LibriVox argues, the belief traces back to the mariners sequence whereby after committing sin, one was applicable to a kind of penance of religious punishment to settle the bad omen brought to the community.For instance, the killing of Albatross brought stiff detrimental views to the shipmates by associating the challenges they faced with the killing. Appalling things revolved most their journey at the point of slimy sea as the sailors lack of a single drop to drink and the occurrence of dancing death-fires at nights which camouflaged in different colors. scarey nightmares and follow up of evil spirits f rom land to the snowy sea frightened the shipmates that led to let down actions of the accompaniments of the ancient mariner. They hanged dead Albatross on his neck in the verge of easing and appealing the decline in quality spirits activities against their wellbeing. As Coleridge states, Instead of the cross, the Albatross, About my neck was hung (140).Punishment intensity climaxed when Spectre-Woman appeared with barking and dreadful sounds and caused an additional fear to the shipmates. There was Albatross killing, and so was the punishment inevitable. She was capable of thickening human blood with cold, an act she in effect(p) to the other men who sailed with the ancient mariner. It is clear from the poets elaboration that killing the man who killed Albatross would not be as severe to his punishment as killing the men he sailed with and continue sailing alone in the midst of snowy sea. Mariners shipmates were killed in a fast and repentant manner whereby they dropped one aft er the other, dead. In the assurance of maximum torment to the mariner, every mans soul was identifiable as they crossed his face manage the whizz of his crossbow shot. Penance defined the nature of correcting the supernatural intrusions since the devilish signs on scary scenarios and human killing implicated vengefulness. However, it is denotable from the poem that praying, communicating to God, would definitely give a saving solution from the erroneous moment the sinful people go through despite that fact that the mariner was unable to utter prayers substantively due to the scenario inflicted upon him. Human beliefs tend to involve powerful meanings and associate tremendous results, especially when one relies on their spell capabilities. Beliefs make people military position their minds in a hopeful manner through imagination and faith in the verge of seeking substantive help in difficult situations. The deliverance point is referred to as redemption, which comes after great com mitment on the visionary worship to ones supreme being of believing.The Mariners dead eubstance in praying to the Supreme God, he believes in, emerges vital towards his safety sailing back to his native country. The spell of the disillusion sailing destiny began to loosen up when Albatross body fell from his neck to the water, sinking like a lead metal. His praising was through Mary Queen as he claimed to have send him gentle sleep from heaven (295). To his amazement, the ancient mariner woke up just to realize it was raining. Refreshment to his body and the termination of his thirst was grateful. Different voices argue that the man had his penance and salvation moment reached. Caring spirit, which had move a loving bird to the man, the man who killed it, sailed the ship without winds to the mans native country. Total redemption had been achieved through penance and seeking of forgiveness.Work CitedColeridge, Samuel. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. New York D. Appleton. 1798. P rint. Couch, Quiller. Samuel Taylor Coleridge. 17721834 549. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. 1919. Web. 6 February 2013. LibriVox. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner By Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834). 2012. Web. 6February 2013. Rubasky, Elizabeth. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Coleridges ninefold Models of Interpretation. New York The Coleridge Bulletin. 2004. Print.

Dissertation on Teamwork and Customer Service Quality Essay Example for Free

Dissertation on Team naturalize and guest Service Quality Essay1.0 macrocosmThis chapter includes the background of the test, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, objectives of the study, investigate questions, and scope of the study, import of the study, limitations of the study and operational definition of terms.1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE resumePhil (2002) group scoreing(a) is a group of populate who work together towards a shargond and loadedingful out mustinessers in ways that combine their somebody skills and abilities and for which they argon only liable. He added that a real squad does not just happen un slight an composition has to work at it, cause it, maintain and support it for the breeding and provision of note standards and expectations to the customers. Organizations accept teamwork in vagabond to promote innovation and synergy, meliorate their goal progress toment, promote professional development of team members, achieve time red uction targets and get cross-boundary ownership of tasks and problems.Ronald (2004) argues that customer attend depends on the expectations of the undivided customer. However, exclusively attempts to deposit customer service tend to focusing on the relationships at the buyer/ trafficker interface. He get on added that to achieve the customer service levels expected, an presidential term posit to escort that for individually of these two categories the systems, measurements and the people be in place to respond to each customer group or market. Juran (2000) says that smell is the degree of uprightness that is fitness for the purpose. It mint also mean the degree in which customer requirements are met. Quality is reinforced at e rattling stage and teams solve problems where everyone is responsible for the tincture of the merchandise.A customer is a someone or an institution that buys goods or services from the shop, business, etc on a regular basis. Woods et al (2001 ) substantiate that customer service part as the satisfaction of the agree customer requirements. This means that the total customer service quality is the mobilization of the whole organization to achieve quality, continuously and economically.National curriculum knowledge Centre is an arm of the Ministry of Education and sports responsible for the Inter-alia development of curricula and related materials for various levels of education. The National curriculum culture Centre was testifyed by NCDC act chapter 135, laws of Uganda Revised Edition 2000 whose history is decree No 7 of 1973.Baale(2010) a curriculum specialist in math for secondary at NCDC, team working is very crucial in the development and surveil of curriculum that result into the satisfaction of parents, stakeholders, learners, teachers and the general public. He evince that team work cannot be avoided when developing curriculum as it includes a panel composed of members from opposite areas such as subject sp ecialists, practicing teachers, teachers associations, UNEB representative, ESA representative, teacher trainers especially from some Universities and employers or parents.Team work comes when a subject curriculum is organism create. In this case a panel of 18 members from various institutions sits and develops the curriculum. service line survey is conducted from parents, teachers and sometimes from learners which result into child based curriculum. Then pilot study of selected teachers from few schools is through with(p) and cluster meetings held by teachers who carried out pilot study. The education system preparation trains all teachers about the developed curriculum and NCDC specifies instructional materials to the ministry of education that are purchased and sent to schools where effectuation starts. In a plosive consonant of 5- 10 years the developed curriculum is supposed to be reviewed.Enyutu (2005) stated that available test results from a all-embracing variety of sou rces had demonstrated prior to the curriculum review that a majority of Ugandan children entering firsthand school were failing to achieve adequate literacy and numeric standards. Dropout rates were high with only 22% of the 1997 P1 age group progressing through to P7 in 2003. NAPE test results in 2003 indicated that only approximately 20% of P6 students achieved basic standards of literacy. The gang of these two pieces of in arrive atation suggested that of the 1997 P1 entry cohort, only 4-5% achieved basic literacy. NAPE testing also revealed very swelled and unacceptable regional disparateials particularly between Kampala and the north of Uganda. Bearing in mind the howling(a) efforts and the substantial investments in firsthand education made by the government of Uganda with strong support from its development partners over the past 10 -15 years, these outcomes were disappointing.In all cases the proposals in these related areas have been discussed with senior staff in t he Ministry of education and sports departments concerned and with the agencies and development partners directly involved in primary education in Uganda and there has been a very large measure of agreement on the way ahead. Nevertheless, the primary review team did conclude that there were significant flaws in the current primary curriculum and a ill fortune to provide both sufficient time and an adequate syllabus concentration on the achievement of azoic literacy and numeracy in lower primary grades was by far the most grievous problem that needed to be addressed.Failure to achieve basic literacy and numeracy in any language in lower primary grades unavoidably has a devastating restore on educational quality and student performance in all other(a) subjects. Failure to achieve early literacy was clearly the issue of greatest concern to parents and the wider community that emerged from the primary curriculum review research. It was also perceived to be one of the major causes of drop- outs. National Curriculum phylogeny Centre seems to be exploitation teamwork when executing its functions. It is against this ground that the police detective leave alone investigate how teamwork at NCDC meets customer requirements.1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMMany organizations are focusing on teamwork as a measure to improve the quality of their services delivered through brainstorming, innovation and creativity. Amidst these efforts results are not achieved due to poor coordination, lack of trueness by top management and limited funds. To address these short comings of teamwork visa-a-vie customer service quality in non profit making institutions one needs to access the level of link of all stakeholders in order to achieve overall performance levels (Tony 2005).NAPE (2003) report shows poor performance of children in literacy and numeracy skills in all local languages or in English due to insufficient orientation, training and support provided to teachers before th e implementation of the curriculum. School supervision by the district inspectorate outside urban areas was almost everywhere insufficient to ensure good school management, the effective delivery of curriculum and regular teacher attendance.Therefore it is the interest of the researcher to know whether customer service quality is achieved through teamwork.1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDYThe purpose of the study will be to canvas the impact of team work on customer service quality using National Curriculum Development Centre set at Kyambogo as a case study.1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe research objectives will bei. To find out the benefits of using team work in organizations ii. To examine the appropriate team work techniques used in organizations to achieve customer service quality iii. To establish the level of customer service quality at National curriculum Development Centre1.5 look for QUESTIONSi. Are there benefits of team work gained by National curriculum Development Centre? ii. What team work techniques does National curriculum Development Centre use to achieve customer service quality? iii. What is the level of customer service quality at National curriculum Development Centre?1.6 scene OF THE STUDYThe scope of the study will cover the subject, time, geographical and sample scope.1.6.1 The subject chain of mountainsThe research will be limited to the impact of team work on one hand as the independent variable and customer service quality as the dependent variable. It will also focus on the achievements of team work at NCDC towards the development of curriculum for educational institutions in the country.1.6.2 The Geographical ScopeThe study will be carried out at National Curriculum Development Centre which is located at Kyambogo near Banda Trading centre off Kampala-Jinja road. NCDC will be an ideal case study because its core values include Respect and Team work, availability of well documented data, commitment to quality and Excellence.1.6.3 The Time ScopeThe study will consider an operational time frame of a period of 2 years i.e. from the year 2010 to date.1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThe study is expected to be beneficial in the following waysi. The study guides planners and policy makers in making factual decisions on serving customers which ensures that all the customers, shareholders and management needs are met satisfactorily.ii. To the academicians, this research gives recommendations for next research and may act as a reference for the accurate world regarding contributions of team work on performance of organizations.iii. The study helps the government and customers to pick out how team working at NCDC develop curriculum that is relevant to the future career of the learners.1.8 OPERATIONAL translation OF TERMSTeam work is working together towards a share and meaningful out come in ways that combine their individual skills and abilities and for which they are all responsible.Customer service is the satisfaction of concur customer requirements.Quality is the degree of excellence that is the extent to which something is fit for its purpose.CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW2.0 INTRODUCTIONThis chapter consists of what other people have said about the researched problem. The researcher therefore reviews some of the related literary intersection pointions for the better insight of the problem. The chapter includes definition of headstone terms, impact of team work on customer service quality, benefits of team work in organizations, team work techniques and the level of customer service quality.2.1 DEFINITION OF spot TERMSTeam work is a group of people who work together towards a shared and meaningful out come in ways that combine their individual skills and abilities and for which they are all responsible Phil (2002) .He added that real team does not just happen but an organization has to work at it, create it, maintain and sustain it for the development and provision of quality standards and ex pectations to customers.Ronald (2004) argues that customer service depends on the expectations of each individual customer. However, all attempts to define customer service tend to focus on the relationships at the buyer/seller interface. He further added that to achieve customer service levels expected an organization need to ensure that for each of these categories the systems, measurement and people are in place to respond to each customer group or market.Michael (1999) stated quality as satisfying customers and stakeholders needs by means of sufficient mutually agreed deliverables that ,meet all the agreed requirements and specifications every time, on time and in affordable manner. It can also mean meeting the requirements of the deliverables that satisfy the needs which have been identified and agreed upon by customers, stakeholders and contractors.2.2 IMPACT OF TEAM cause ON CUSTOMER SERVICE QUALITYAccording to Baguley (2002), team work has a great impact on customer servic e quality. He raised the following pointsEfficiency Team working is meaning(a) if people are to continue to be efficient members of the organization. Efficiency is whereby employees performance is improved up to the standards of the organizational goals. Team working helps employees to achieve maximum efficiency in their current jobs. It also helps the organization to meet its targets for developing and keeping people with the right skills to meet future needs. It applies to all levels of employees in an organization that is the strategic level, tactical level and operational level.Improved customer service Team working involves different members of the organization working together and cartel their individual skills and abilities to come up with something that is either a product or a service that will be highly accepted by the customers (Baguley, 2002).Innovation and creativity Sometimes teams of employees work together to develop new products or services through contributing a nd combining their different ideas and skills. This helps organizations to have new services for customers that eventually improve on its performance and create and sustain customers (Baguley, 2002).Allan Woods et al (2001) stated that team working requires meetings of teams, sections or departments to understand clearly who does what and ensure dependableness which is the single most important aspect of delivering outstanding customer service. The teams organize themselves to take the advantage of the individual skills team members clear with them, work together as a group in ways that bring out the best results and every member of the team must be accountable to each other for the success of the whole team. Team working makes it possible to define and insist upon the maintenance of the standards on behalf of the customers and clients as most of the times customers do not specify their needs by referring to the teams attitudes or reliability standards but complain bitterly when t he team falls below their perceived standards.Michiel and Harold (1997) observed that cross utilitarian teams are used in new product development to shorten development cycle times, improve quality and reduce development costs. These goals are attained because the functional areas perform their tasks in groups rather than each functional area performing its task and passing the project off to the next functional area and the key functional groups usually design engineering, manufacturing, quality assurance, purchasing and marketing work on the new product and development simultaneously.Baguley (2002) said that team working involves integrating individual skills like problem solving, communication, inter in the flesh(predicate) skills, decision-making and functional skills for the desired out comes. He further added that a good executive team provides a model for everybody in the organization that encourages cooperation and commonality of purpose at all levels of the organization. An assembly team, erection team, form shop team add value by creating tangible out comes or products which are specific and clearly defined by others and such products meet the expectations of customers.Bradfield et al (1998) are of the view that direct aspiration is one of the factors that make companies form development teams. They further stated that to be effective, production has to provide a means by which an organization can focus its resources to meet the needs of their chosen customers efficiently. First it is important to know where you are starting from, second is the decision on where you wish to go in future and the outcome should be a commitment by the organization to a deliberate policy on which customers to serve with products or offerings.Woods et al (2001) further observed that the essence of team working skills lies in good communication and open approach to people and ideas and that all communication skills should be used in promoting good customer service. The y also noted that for any organization to meet the needs of customers there is need for team work to obtain feedback from customers and colleagues (both within and outside the organization) as well as about the need to establish planning cycles. Each cycle of planning and doing should therefore reduce the amount of uncertainties being face up and obtain feedback not simply from planning but by doing.Adair (1990) argues that innovation calls for a special form of creativity which he called team creativity. He said that all organizations are teams or at least they are potentially so. For effective production and marketing of goods and services these days, delivery on time, at the needful quality and at a competitive price calls for a high performance team work. hardly to improve these existing products or to develop new products and services requires a different order of teamwork (team creativity).Organizations that pull team creativity will survive and prosper while those that do not will moderate and disappear. All employees need to participate as each person at work has approximately 10,000 zillion brain cells, together with a full range of mental faculties, analyzing, synthesizing and valuing abilities. In all of us these processes can take place intentionally on a conscious plane of thought and also less intentionally in our un conscious minds, giving us insights, intuitions, brain waves, gut feelings, intimations and the occasional pear of a genuinely new idea.As a general principle people with a hands- on involvement in any product or service providing they have a modicum of interest in their work will tend to have new ideas for doing it better. The important thing from the motivational perspective is the feeling of being really part of the enterprise with a full share of responsibility in developing the quality of the product or service.Developing a quality team takes hard work because development of team skills, time and patience is not something you can decide to have one day, then achieve overnight. The entire organization is part of the same team working toward meeting the requirements of its customers. Whether management, front line or dirty dog the scenes employees, everyones work contributes to the end result. There are also specific work unit teams (departmental) with specific goals and assignments.Teams working together can and should be responsible for identifying problems not previously recognized finding the root causes of problems suggesting who should work on problems solving manpower assignments and scheduling improvements and providing communication throughout the organization. To be effective, teams in the workplace must develop standards and skills, and then implement ongoing training and coaching to ensure they are put into send (Anand, 1997).